Contents

Summary

Introduction

Part 1. Herbicide Resistance in Weeds

Part 2. APP and CHD Herbicides

2.1. Chemistry and Mode of Action

2.1.1. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

2.1.2. Perturbation of the Trans-membrane Proton Gradient

2.2. Mechanisms Endowing Selectivity in Resistant Species

2.3. Evolution and Development of Resistance

2.4. Mechanism of Resistance in Weeds

Part 3. Detecting Herbicide Resistance

3.1. Field Observation

3.2. Seed Collection

3.3. Whole Plant Pot Assays

3.3.1. Dose Response Experiments

3.3.2 Single Dose Assays

3.4. Other Diagnostic Techniques

3.5. Interpretation of Results

Part 4. The Cost of Herbicide Resistance

Part 5. Management of Resistant Populations

5.1. Guideline to the Management of Herbicide Resistance

5.2. Herbicide Resistance and Herbicide - Crop – Weed Management

5.3. The Situation in Egypt

Part 6. Important Figures

6.1. Chronological increase in unique cases of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide.

6.2. Distribution of herbicide resistant biotypes worldwide.

6.3. Chronological numbers of resistant biotypes to different herbicide classes.

6.4. Distribution of ACCase resistant species worldwide.

6.5. Distribution of ALS resistant species worldwide.

6.6. Distribution of triazine resistant species worldwide.

6.7. Distribution of glyphosate resistant species worldwide.

Part 7. Classification of Herbicides According to Mode of Action

Part 8. Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC)

Part 9. Photos of Wild Oat infestation in Assiut Area

References

Arabic Summary