For the award of Diploma in “ Geology of Africa “ the candidate should study the following courses, Lectures and practices.

 General  Geology  of Africa  ( 4 Credit hours )

 Contents
Introduction

Chapter I.  Pre-Cambrian

•     The Archean cratons.

•        The Proterozoic Mobil belts.

Chapter II. Paleozoic: Cambrian – Silurian – Devonian and Carboniferous.

•         Africa north of the Aquator.

•     Africa south of the Aquator.

 Chapter III. The Permo–Trias of Africa North of the Aquator

 Chapter IV. The Permo–Trias of Africa South of the Aquator.

 Chapter  V. The Jurassic

                         1.  Continental                  2. Marine

 Chapter VI. The Cretaceous 

               1.  Continental                   2. Marine

Chapter VII. The Paleogene

               Pleocene – Eocene – Oligocene

 The discussion of the boundaries between the different Epochs.

 Chapter VIII. The Neogene

 Marine Miocene – Continental Miocene.

 Chapter IX. Structure Framework and geological history

•         Fold belts.

•          West African Geosyncline.

•          North Saharan intracratonic basins.

•          Fragmentation of Gondwana and Formation of African Plate.

•          Intracratonic Karoo Basin Karoo volcanism.

•          Paraglacial coal formating environments of the Northeastern Basin Margin : Dwyka – Ecca-transition.

•          Rifting in Africa.

2- Mineral Resources in Africa ( 3 Credit hours )

 Contents 
Introduction

 Chapter I ore deposits:

•          Definition.

•       Distribution.

 Chapter II Types of Mineral deposits.

• Igneous and magmatic deposits.

• Hydrothermal ores.

• Sedimentary deposits.

•  Metamorphic deposits.

•  Metallic minerals.

•  Nonmetallic minerals. 

•  New Methods of mineral Exploration.

 Chapter III Mineral Resources in Africa.

• The main economic deposits.

•  Metallogensis of selected Gold deposits in Africa (case study in South Africa gold deposits).

•  Mineral resources in sub- Saharan Africa.

•  Small scale mining in Zambia.

 Chapter IV  Conservation and management of mineral Resources in selected areas in Africa.

3- Geophysical Exploration 

 Contents
 Introduction

 Chapter I. Potential Field Methods

•          Gravity methods.

•       Geomagnetic methods.

•       Applications and case histories.

 Chapter II. Applied Seismology

• Applied Seismology: Introduction and principals.

• Seismic refraction surveying.

• Seismic refraction surveying.

• Applications and case histories in Africa.

 Chapter III. Geoelectrical Methods

•        Electrical resistivity methods.

•         Spontaneous (self) potential methods.

•         Induced polarization methods.

•          Applications and case histories.

 Chapter IV. Radioactive methods

4- Sedimentary Basins and Oil Fields in Africa( 3 Credit hours )

 Contents
 Introduction

Chapter I. North Africa

1. The sedimentary basins of North Africa:
Stratigraphy & Sedimentations.

2.     The basins of North Africa:
 Structural evolutions.

3.     The sirte Basins of Libya.

4.     Sedimentary basins of Egypt.

 Part. II. Central Africa

5.     The Lullemeden Basins.

            6.     Rift Basins of Sudan.

 7.     Niger Delta Basin.

 8.     The west Africa Basin.

 9.     The East Africa Rift Basin.

 10.     The Coastal Basin of Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania.

Part. III. Southern Africa

11.            The Owambo Basin of Northern Nambia.

 12.            The Foreland Karoo Basin, South Africa.

 13.            Late Mesozoic sedimentary Basins of the South Coast of South Africa.

Part. IV. The Major oil fields of Africa:

14.   An Overview.

5- Hydrogeology and groundwater Provinces in Africa( 4 Credit hours )

Contents
Introduction

Chapter I. Principals in groundwater science.

1.  Groundwater role in the hydraulic cycle and in the world water.

2. Groundwater aquifers and units types and distributions.

 Chapter II. The various methods used in groundwater exploration and detection.

Chapter III. Groundwater evaluation

1.   Quantitative evaluation.

2.   Qualitative evaluation.

3. Save yield, its controlling factors and computing  methods.

Chapter IV. Hydrogeological and Groundwater Potentialities of the Nile Basin Provinces.

 Chapter V. The groundwater aquifers potentialities and their main characteristics in Egypt.

 The groundwater aquifers in the Nile Valley and Delta.

•   The groundwater aquifers in the Western Desert.

•    The groundwater aquifers in the Easter Desert.

•  The groundwater aquifers in the coastal zones.

• The groundwater aquifers in Sinai.

6- Remote Sensing Geolosgy, a case study in Africa( 4 Credit hours )

Contents
Introduction

Chapter I. Basic physics of remote sensing:

Radiation – Active and passive systems – Emission – Reflection  Absorption – Electromagnetic spectrum.

 Chapter II. Remote sensing data acquistion systems

•    Photography (Terrestrial – aerial and space photograaphy     Geometry of photographic images)

•      Scanner systems

• Microwave systems

Chapter III. Fundamentals of digital image processing for geologic applications:

•  Digital imagery and image processing.      

• Image statistics.

•  Resolution.

•  Color presentation.

•  Hard – and software for image processing.

 Chapter IV. Geology and remote sensing data

a) Visual interpretation methods

b) Character of geological remote sensing information

c) Possibility of identification

d) Possibility and limittions of remote sensing methods

            e) Direct and indirect imge information

f) Interpretation strategy

g) Paths of interpretation

h) Aspect ratio of geological phenomena

Chapter V. Applications of remote sensing techniques in geology;

Examples of case studies covering the following applications:

a) Remote sensing data and geological models

            b) Remote sensing of geological models

            c) Seismotectonics

            d) Mineral exploration

            e) Water resources and groundwater prospection

f) Environmental geology

7- Advancements in Stratigraphy and Micopaleontology (5 Credit hours) 

Contents
Introduction

 Section 1:- . Advancements in stratigraphy.

Chapter I Principles of strtigraphy.

Chapter II Exploration stratigraphy.

Chapter III New Aspects in stratigraphy. 

•          Sequential Strtigraphy.

•          Magneto- Strtigraphy.

•          Seismo - Strtigraphy.

•          Isotope in Strtigraphy. 

Chapter IV Strtigraphic bioevents in the Phanerozoic of    Africa

  Section 2 :- Advancements in Micropaleontology.

 Chapter I : New Methods in the study of Microfossils.

Chapter II : Group Foraminiferida,

Chapter III : Group of Ostracoda.

Chapter IV : Group of Chtinozoa.

Chapter V : Group of Palynomorphs.

8- Desertification and Natural Hazards in Africa (3 Credit hours) 

Section 1 :- Desertification

Introduction 

 Chapter I : The history of Desertification.

Chapter II : Causes of Desertification.

Chapter III : Why does Desertification Occurs?

Chapter IV : Key environmental Issues.

Section 2 :- Natural Hazards in Africa

 Introduction 

Chapter I : Earthquakes and Volcanoes.

Chapter II : Atmospheric and Hydrological Hazards.

Chapter III : Hazards and land surfaces.

Chapter IV : Risk assessment and management.