PKA^[@ `44refs.MYD~?Abdel-Aal, A. M.20067Ilizarov bone transport for massive tibial bone defects70-4 Orthopedics291Adolescent Adult Female Fractures, Ununited/radiography/*surgery Humans *Ilizarov Technique/adverse effects Male Tibia/injuries/pathology/radiography/*surgeryJanThis article reports the treatment of massive tibial bone defects by bone transport using the Ilizarov external fixator. Fifteen patients were treated using this technique (3 females and 12 males). The defect size ranged between 7 and 22 cm (average: 10.6 cm). Etiology was infected nonunion in 9 patients, nonunion in 5 patients, and recurrent giant-cell tumor in 1 patient. The affected site was the tibial diaphysis in 10 patients, the lower tibial metaphysis in 4, and the upper tibial epiphysis in 1 patient. The external fixation time ranged from 9 months to 17 months (average: 12.27 months). External fixation index ranged from 21.8 to 42.5 day/cm (average: 35.7 day/cm). There was no recurrence of infection, no recurrence of the tumor, nor fractures after frame removal. We had to graft the docking site in 2 patients for delayed union and 2 patients developed equinus deformity and had tenoplasty for the Achilles tendon at the time of frame removal. Four patients had pin tract infection at > or =1 of the wires and this was successfully treated by antibiotic injection at the wire site. This study suggests that Ilizarov bone transport is a reliable method to fill massive bone defects.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16429937 50147-7447 (Print) 0147-7447 (Linking) Journal Article16429937VDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.~?8Abdel-Aleem, H. Hofmeyr, G. J. Shokry, M. El-Sonoosy, E.2006)Uterine massage and postpartum blood loss238-9Int J Gynaecol Obstet933BFemale Humans Injections, Intramuscular Injections, Intravenous Labor Stage, Third Oxytocics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Oxytocin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Postpartum Hemorrhage/drug therapy/etiology/*therapy *Postpartum Period Pregnancy Retrospective Studies Uterine Inertia/drug therapy/therapyJunfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16678826 Q0020-7292 (Print) 0020-7292 (Linking) Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial16678826dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. aleemh@yahoo.com ~?<Abdel-Haleem, A. H. Meki, A. R. Noaman, H. A. Mohamed, Z. T.2006Serum levels of IL-6 and its soluble receptor, TNF-alpha and chemokine RANTES in scorpion envenomed children: their relation to scorpion envenomation outcome437-44Toxicon474Animals Arachnidism/*blood/classification/physiopathology Case-Control Studies Chemokine CCL5/*blood Child Child, Preschool Egypt Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Humans Interleukin-6/*blood Male Scorpions Severity of Illness Index Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolismMar 15gDuring the present study, 30 children in Upper Egypt (less than 12 years old) were admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit because of scorpion envenomation. They were compared with 20 apparently normal children of matching age and sex as controls. The victims and controls were subjected to complete clinical examination and full blood picture. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), regulated upon activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined once for the controls and twice for the victims, the first sample on admission and the second sample after 24h. All victims showed significantly higher mean values of IL-6, sIL-6R, RANTES, TNF-alpha, and leucocytic count both on admission and on the follow up when compared with controls. According to the clinical manifestations of envenomation, 40% of the victims had a mild envenomation manifestation, while 60% of them had severe manifestations. The severely envenomed children showed significantly higher mean values of IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-alpha, RANTES and leucocytic count both on admission and on the follow up samples when compared with the mild cases. The non-survival victims (five victims) showed significantly higher mean values of IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-alpha, RANTES and leucocytic count both on admission and on the follow up samples in comparison to the survivals. Furthermore, those fatal cases showed a non-significant decline in the serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-alpha, RANTES and leucocytic count on the following up samples, while the survivals showed a significant decline in the serum levels of these parameters on the following up samples. In conclusion, these data revealed that IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-alpha and chemokine, RANTES are involved in the pathogenesis of scorpion envenomation and correlated with its severity.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16466762 50041-0101 (Print) 0041-0101 (Linking) Journal Article16466762RDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. ~? Abolyosr, A.2006^Laparoscopic versus open orchiopexy in the management of abdominal testis: a descriptive study1421-4 Int J Urol1311Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Cryptorchidism/pathology/*surgery Humans Infant Laparoscopy/*methods Male Orchiectomy/*methods Prospective Studies Testis/abnormalities/*surgery Treatment Outcome Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methodsNovAIMS: Treatment of patients with abdominal non-palpable testis (NPT) is still controversial among pediatric urologists. This is a prospective randomized comparative study between open and laparoscopic orchiopexy for management of abdominal testis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate and morbidity of both approaches. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with a mean age of 5.3 years were evaluated by laparoscopy for 87 NPT. Patients with viable abdominal testes were randomly treated with either open or laparoscopic orchiopexy procedures. RESULTS: On laparoscopy, 75 viable abdominal testes were found. According to location: 41 (47.1%) testes were high abdominal, 27 (31%) testes were low abdominal and 7 (8%) testes were peeping from the internal ring. Laparoscopic first stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy was done initially for those with high abdominal testes. For further management, all patients were divided randomly into open (36 cases) and laparoscopic (39 cases) groups where primary (with spermatic vessel preservation) or second stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy was done. Statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test. Laparoscopic procedures showed significant less morbidity than the open counterparts. Follow up ranged from 9 to 31 months and included evaluation of testicular site and size. All testes were located satisfactorily inside the scrotum. Five cases of testicular atrophy were encountered (three and two testes with open and laparoscopic second stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy respectively) after 1 year follow up. CONCLUSION: Results of open versus laparoscopic orchiopexy procedures (primary or staged) are fairly comparable. However, laparoscopy provides significantly less morbidity.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17083396 c0919-8172 (Print) 0919-8172 (Linking) Comparative Study Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial17083396VDepartment of Urology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. abolyosr66@yahoo.com ~?7Darwish, I. A. Khedr, A. S. Askal, H. F. Mohamed, R. M.2006kApplication of inorganic oxidants to the spectrophotometric determination of ribavirin in bulk and capsules341-51 J AOAC Int892Algorithms Antiviral Agents/*analysis Capsules Indicators and Reagents Oxidants/*chemistry Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Ribavirin/*analysis Solutions Solvents Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet TemperatureMar-AprEight spectrophotometric methods for determination of ribavirin have been developed and validated. These methods were based on the oxidation of the drug by different inorganic oxidants: ceric ammonium sulfate, potassium permanganate, ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanidate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, and potassium periodate. The oxidation reactions were performed in perchloric acid medium for ceric ammonium sulfate and in sulfuric acid medium for the other reagents. With ceric ammonium sulfate and potassium permanganate, the concentration of ribavirin in its samples was determined by measuring the decrease in the absorption intensity of the colored reagents at 315 and 525 nm, respectively. With the other reagents, the concentration of ribavirin was determined by measuring the intensity of the developed colored reaction products at the wavelengths of maximum absorbance: 675, 780, 595, 595, 475, and 475 nm for reactions with ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanidate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, and potassium periodate, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction conditions were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9984-0.9998) were found between the absorbance readings and the concentrations of ribavirin in the range of 4-1400 microg/mL. The molar absorptivities were correlated with the oxidation potential of the oxidants used. The precision of the methods were satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.64%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ribavirin in pure drug material and capsules with good accuracy and precision; the recovery values were 99.2-101.2 +/- 0.48-1.30%. The results obtained using the proposed spectrophotometric methods were comparable with those obtained with the official method stated in the United States Pharmacopeia.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16640282 51060-3271 (Print) 1060-3271 (Linking) Journal Article16640282Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Assiut 71526, Egypt. iadarwish@yahoo.com ~?Darwish, I. A. Refaat, I. H.2006Spectrophotometric analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors based on formation of charge-transfer complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane and chloranilic acid326-33 J AOAC Int892 Benzoquinones/*chemistry Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Humans Indicators and Reagents Nitriles/*chemistry Protein Binding Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/*analysis/pharmacokinetics Solutions Solvents Spectrophotometry, UltravioletMar-AprA simple, accurate, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been developed and validated. The analysis was based on the formation of colored charge-transfer complexes between the intact molecule of SSRI drug as an n-electron donor and each of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or p-chloranilic acid (pCA) as electron acceptors. The formed complexes were measured spectrophotometrically at 842 and 520 nm for TCNQ and pCA, respectively. Different variables and parameters affecting the reactions were studied and optimized. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9975-0.9996) were found between the absorbances and the concentrations of the investigated drugs in the concentration ranges of 4-50 and 20-400 microg/mL with TCNQ and pCA, respectively. With all the investigated drugs, TCNQ gave more sensitive assays than pCA; the limits of assay detection were 2.5-4.8 and 20-40 microg/mL with TCNQ and pCA, respectively. The intra- and interassay precisions were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The proposed procedures were successfully applied to the analysis of the studied drugs in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy; the recovery values were 98.4-102.8 +/- 1.24-1.81%. The results obtained from the proposed method were statistically comparable with those obtained from the previously reported methods.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16640280 51060-3271 (Print) 1060-3271 (Linking) Journal Article16640280Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Assiut 71526, Egypt. iadarwish@yahoo.com ~?8Darwish, I. A. Refaat, I. H. Askal, H. F. Marzouq, M. A.2006Generic nonextractive spectrophotometric method for determination of 4-quinolone antibiotics by formation of ion-pair complexes with beta-naphthol334-40 J AOAC Int892Anti-Bacterial Agents/*analysis Calibration Dosage Forms Excipients Indicators and Reagents Naphthols/*chemistry Quinolones/*analysis Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Solutions Sulfuric Acids/chemistry TabletsMar-AprThis paper describes the development of a generic spontaneous nonextractive spectrophotometric method for determination of 13 pharmaceutically important 4-quinolone antibiotics. The method was based on the formation of yellow-colored water-soluble ion-pair complexes between 2% (w/v) beta-naphthol reagent and each of the studied drugs in sulfuric acid medium at room temperature. The formed ion-pair chromogens have maximum absorption peaks in the range of 365-391 nm. The concentrations of the reagents and the experimental conditions affecting the reaction were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good linear coefficients (0.9987-0.9995) were found between the absorbance and concentration of the investigated drugs in the range of 10-350 microg/mL. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 1-9.9 and 3.4-32.9 microg/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision; the percentages of label claim ranged from 97.8-102.8 +/- 0.35-1.60%. The results obtained by the proposed spectrophotometric method were comparable with those obtained by the official or reported methods. The proposed method is superior to all the previously reported ion-pair formation-based methods in terms of simplicity because it did not involve extraction procedures for the ion-pair complex. Therefore, this method might be recommended for routine use in quality control laboratories for analysis of the investigated 4-quinolone antibiotics in their pure forms, as well as in pharmaceutical dosage forms.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16640281 51060-3271 (Print) 1060-3271 (Linking) Journal Article16640281Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Assiut 71526, Egypt. iadarwish@yahoo.com~?(El Desoky, E. S. Derendorf, H. Klotz, U.2006/Variability in response to cardiovascular drugs35-46Curr Clin Pharmacol11 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology Aging/metabolism Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology Diuretics/pharmacology Drug Interactions Drug Resistance Female Humans Liver Diseases/metabolism MaleJanYCardiovascular drugs are characterized by wide inter-individual variability in dose/plasma concentration/ response (therapeutic and/or toxic) relationships. Therefore, some patients achieve good therapeutic response to their drug therapy, while others do not. Also, some patients experience adverse effects, which vary from mild to life-threatening. The source of variability in patients' response to cardiovascular drugs may be of pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic origin. Many factors can potentially affect both of them such as genetics, gender, age, disease state, environmental factors like smoking and food, possible drug-drug interactions, and ethnicity (race). Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics is a new field that focus on the roles of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and drug targets in development of variable drug response.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18666376 (1574-8847 (Print) Journal Article Review18666376aPharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. ehegypt@yahoo.com ~? Eldesoky, E. S.2006Effect of acute inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME on cardiovascular responses following peripheral autonomic blockade in rabbits239-45Fundam Clin Pharmacol203Animals Atropine/pharmacology Blood Pressure Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*pharmacology Heart/*drug effects/innervation Heart Rate Hexamethonium Injections, Intravenous Male NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/administration & dosage/*pharmacology Nitric Oxide Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors Parasympathetic Nervous System/drug effects Parasympatholytics/pharmacology Propranolol Rabbits *Sympathectomy, Chemical Time FactorsJun>The pressor and chronotropic responses to acute inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enzyme by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were studied in anaesthetized rabbits with intact autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Also, they were investigated when administration of L-NAME was preceded by peripheral autonomic blockade. Autonomic blockade had different forms: ganglionic (hexamethonium-induced), post-ganglionic beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol induced), parasympathetic blockade (atropine induced), and complete autonomic blockade by coadministration of hexamethonium and atropine simultaneously. L-NAME injected intravenously (10 mg/kg) in animals with intact and blocked autonomic activity induced a pressor response. This pressor response was accompanied by bradycardia in rabbits with either intact autonomic activity or hexamethonium-induced ganglionic blockade. L-NAME exerted no effect on heart rate in animals with beta-adrenergic blockade or parasympathetic blockade. In rabbits with complete autonomic blockade, L-NAME evoked tachycardia. These experiments indicate that L-NAME-induced hypertension is not relying only on ANS. Also, L-NAME-induced tachycardia in rabbits treated with atropine plus hexamethonium suggests other humoral mechanisms that may be involved in the L-NAME induced chronotropic response.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16671958 G0767-3981 (Print) 0767-3981 (Linking) Comparative Study Journal Article16671958gPharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt. ehegypt@yahoo.com ~? OEl-Gammal, T. A. Saleh, W. R. El-Sayed, A. Kotb, M. M. Imam, H. M. Fathi, N. A.2006sTendon transfer around the shoulder in obstetric brachial plexus paralysis: clinical and computed tomographic study641-6J Pediatr Orthop265Brachial Plexus/*injuries/radiography Child Child, Preschool Humans Infant Paralysis, Obstetric/radiography/*surgery Range of Motion, Articular Recovery of Function Shoulder Joint/physiopathology/radiography/*surgery *Tendon Transfer Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment OutcomeSep-OctOne hundred nine obstetrical palsy patients with defective shoulder abduction and external rotation had subscapularis release and transfer of teres major to infraspinatus with or without pedicle transfer of the clavicular head of pectoralis major to deltoid. The age at surgery averaged 67 months (11-192) and follow-up averaged 36 months (12-80). Thirty-nine cases had follow-up CT scan of both shoulders. Improvement of abduction averaged 64 degrees and that of external rotation 50 degrees, 100% and 290% gain, respectively. Both negatively correlated with the age at surgery (P < 0.001), and were significantly higher in patients operated younger than 4 years. On computed tomographic scans, the degree of glenoid retroversion positively correlated (P < 0.001) with the age at surgery, and was significantly higher in patients operated older than 4 years. The degree of posterior subluxation showed no significant difference between different ages. There was no significant difference between the operated and normal sides in patients operated younger than 4years with regard to glenoid retroversion and in those operated younger than 2 years with regard to posterior subluxation. The operation is useful for correction of defective shoulder abduction and external rotation in obstetric palsy. It is best performed before the age of 2 to get maximal improvement in motion and prevent secondary bone changes. Between the ages of 2 and 4, it also resulted in significant improvement in motion and prevented glenoid retroversion, but not posterior subluxation. After the age of 4, the improvement in motion was not significant and secondary bone changes were not prevented.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16932105 50271-6798 (Print) 0271-6798 (Linking) Journal Article16932105Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Assiut University School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt. micro@acc.aun.edu.eg~? FEl-Meligy, M. M. Abdel-Hady, R. H. Abdel-Maaboud, R. M. Mohamed, Z. T.2006+Estimation of human body built in Egyptians27-31Forensic Sci Int1591Adult Anthropometry *Body Height Egypt Female Forensic Medicine Humans Male *Sex Determination (Analysis) Tibia/*anatomy & histologyMay 25.Identification of an unknown body and prediction of growth from specific body measurements are very important tasks in the fields of physical anthropology and forensic medicine. Height and weight are two factors among others required to establish individuality of an unidentified body. In the present work, an attempt has been made to calculate the stature and weight from percutaneous tibial length and bimalleolar breadth. The study was carried out on 1000 living Egyptian individuals comprising 500 males and 500 females; their age was between 19 and 21 years. A significant positive correlation between stature and tibial length in both sexes was recorded. The coefficient of determination showed that 56% of variation in stature was due to tibial length and bimalleolar breadth in males, while in females the coefficient of determination was 23%. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination for weight showed that 11% of variability in weight was due to tibial length and bimalleolar breadth in males, while in females it was 5%. Linear regression analysis was done for all variables in all cases. The regression equation formulae are helpful in the estimation of stature and weight of the deceased from tibial length and bimalleolar breadth when leg or foot is the only portion available for autopsy examination.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16081233 50379-0738 (Print) 0379-0738 (Linking) Journal Article16081233mDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt. manal_mselmeligy@hotmail.com ~? bEl-Metwally, T. H. Hussein, M. R. Abd-El-Ghaffar, SKh Abo-El-Naga, M. M. Ulrich, A. B. Pour, P. M.2006Retinoic acid can induce markers of endocrine transdifferentiation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: preliminary observations from an in vitro cell line model603-10 J Clin Pathol596Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology Apoptosis/drug effects Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism/*pathology Cell Cycle/drug effects Cell Differentiation/drug effects Cell Division/drug effects Cell Line, Tumor Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Insulin/metabolism Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism Transforming Growth Factors/metabolism Tretinoin/*pharmacology Up-Regulation/drug effectsJunBACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (HPAF) cells have a multipotent stem cell potential. It was hypothesised that all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) can induce transdifferentiation of these cells into cells with an endocrine phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To explore this hypothesis, an in vitro system of cells was established. Some cells were treated with atRA at concentrations of 100 nmol/l (non-apoptosis-inducing) and 5 micromol/l (apoptosis-inducing) and harvested. Cells were examined for cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay and p53 protein expression) and immunomorphological features of redifferentiation (MUC1 and DUPAN-2) and endocrine transdifferentiation (insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, neurone-specific enolase) by using immunoperoxidase staining methods. Levels of insulin, transforming growth factor (TGF) beta2, TGFalpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The vehicle-treated cells served as a control group. RESULTS: When compared with untreated cells, cells treated with 100 nmol/l and 5 micromol/l atRA were observed to show (1) decreased proliferative activity (cpm) as indicated by decreased incorporation of thymidine labelled with hydrogen-3; (2) cell cycle arrest; (3) increased apoptotic activity associated with p53 protein overexpression; (4) upregulated expression of the transdifferentiation and redifferentiation markers; (5) morphological changes indicative of transdifferentiation (increased cell size and appearance of dendrites); (6) decreased production of EGFR; (7) upregulation of TGFalpha and TGFbeta2; and (8) increase in basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Functional endocrine transdifferentiation can be induced in HPAF lines by atRA. Further investigations are mandated to explore the underlying mechanisms of this transdifferentiation and to explore its in vivo extrapolation.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16473924 50021-9746 (Print) 0021-9746 (Linking) Journal Article16473924sDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. thelmetwally@hotmail.com~? El-Shazly, M. Yassin, O.2006uIncreasing the success rate of the reversed-flow fasciocutaneous island sural flap: a clinical experience in 26 cases653-7Ann Plast Surg576Accidents, Traffic Adolescent Adult Child Diabetic Foot/surgery Female Foot Injuries/*surgery Humans Male Middle Aged *Surgical Flaps/blood supply Treatment Outcome Ultrasonography, DopplerDecThe reversed-flow fasciocutaneous island sural flap is presenting one of the best reconstructive options in the distal third of the leg, around the ankle and the heel up to the metatarsals. Although the surgical maneuver of this flap and many of its modifications have been well described in previous publications, the flap is unfortunately full of reported complications. In this work, we are presenting a 26-patient series of reversed-flow fasciocutaneous island flap cases in different age, sex, and etiologic groups. All flaps had survived, with a complication rate of 3.8% (1 case) in the form of partial necrosis. In this series, we standardized a modified technique in which we tried to include many ideas and tricks, in addition to some of the reported useful ones to have a higher success rate. We have summarized these points in 10 golden rules, making this flap safer and more versatile.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17122552 50148-7043 (Print) 0148-7043 (Linking) Journal Article17122552UPlastic Surgery Department, Assiut University Hospital, Egypt. moh.elshazly@lycos.com~?Fathalla, M. F.20065Reproductive health: a call to the research communityS8-21East Mediterr Health J 12 Suppl 2Cause of Death Child Child Welfare Cost of Illness Female Health Policy Health Priorities Health Services Needs and Demand Health Status Indicators Healthy People Programs/*organization & administration Humans Information Dissemination Interinstitutional Relations Male Maternal Welfare Mediterranean Region/epidemiology Morbidity Politics Reproductive Medicine/*organization & administration Research/*organization & administration Women's Health *World Health World Health OrganizationReproductive health has been receiving increasing recognition and attention. Its elements are included as 3 of the 8 Millennium Development Goals adopted by the world government community, and it is considered essential for reaching the other goals. Reproductive health problems still account for a major share of the burden of disease, particularly in women. The 57th World Health Assembly adopted a reproductive health strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets. A research component is indispensable. The research community is called upon to enhance the responsiveness and potential impact of its contribution. Ten propositions are submitted.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17361674 <1020-3397 (Print) 1020-3397 (Linking) Journal Article Review17361674.Assiut University, Egypt. mfathall@intouch.com~?Fathalla, M. F.2006'Human rights aspects of safe motherhood409-19#Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol203Developing Countries Female Health Services Accessibility *Human Rights Humans Maternal Health Services Maternal Mortality *Maternal Welfare Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications/mortality/*prevention & control Reproductive Rights Women's Health Women's RightsJun'Maternal deaths in developing countries are often the ultimate tragic outcome of the cumulative denial of women's human rights. Women are not dying because of untreatable diseases. They are dying because societies have yet to make the decision that their lives are worth saving. Maternity is a social function and not a disease. When women are risking death to give life, they are entitled to have their own right to life and health protected. Societal attitudes of looking at women as means and not ends have resulted in the denial of women's rights to essential maternity services. A signal of hope is that safe motherhood is now on the world agenda as one of eight Millennium Development Goals. The global community of obstetricians has a major responsibility to help make motherhood safer for all women.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16469542 51521-6934 (Print) 1521-6934 (Linking) Journal Article16469542CAssiut University, P.O. Box 30, Assiut, Egypt. mfathall@intouch.comm~?=Fathalla, M. F. Sinding, S. W. Rosenfield, A. Fathalla, M. M.20069Sexual and reproductive health for all: a call for action2095-100Lancet3689552,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control Cost-Benefit Analysis *Developing Countries Female Health Priorities Health Services Needs and Demand/economics/*trends Humans Male Reproductive Health Services/economics/organization & administration/*statistics & numerical data *World HealthDec 9xAt the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 1994, the international community agreed to make reproductive health care universally available no later than 2015. After a 5-year review of progress towards implementation of the Cairo programme of action, that commitment was extended to include sexual, as well as reproductive, health and rights. Although progress has been made towards this commitment, it has fallen a long way short of the original goal. We argue that sexual and reproductive health for all is an achievable goal--if cost-effective interventions are properly scaled up; political commitment is revitalised; and financial resources are mobilised, rationally allocated, and more effectively used. National action will need to be backed up by international action. Sustained effort is needed by governments in developing countries and in the donor community, by inter-governmental organisations, non-governmental organisations, civil society groups, the women's health movement, philanthropic foundations, the private for-profit sector, the health profession, and the research community.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17161731 :1474-547X (Electronic) 0140-6736 (Linking) Journal Article17161731XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assiut University, Egypt. mfathall@intouch.com ~?JFathi, N. A. Hussein, M. R. Hassan, H. I. Mosad, E. Galal, H. Afifi, N. A.2006hGlomerular expression and elevated serum Bcl-2 and Fas proteins in lupus nephritis: preliminary findings339-43Clin Exp Immunol1462"Adult Antigens, CD95/blood/*metabolism Apoptosis Chronic Disease Female Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism Lupus Nephritis/*metabolism/pathology Male Proteinuria/blood Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/blood/*metabolism Retrospective Studies Severity of Illness IndexNovProgrammed cell death (apoptosis) is involved in glomerular injuries leading to glomerulonephritis. Bcl-2 and Fas are proteins that promote cell survival and death, respectively. This study tests the hypothesis that lupus nephritis is associated with alterations of Bcl-2 and Fas protein expression. Thirty-six patients with lupus nephritis and 10 controls (normal individuals) were included in this study. Bcl-2 and Fas positive cells were examined in kidney biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Bcl-2 and Fas serum levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the glomeruli of normal kidneys, Bcl-2 and Fas proteins were completely absent. In lupus nephritis patients, glomerular expression of Bcl-2 and Fas was seen in mesangial cells (1.3 +/- 0.1 and 2.0 +/- 0.1 for Bcl-2 and Fas, respectively). Similarly, a statistically significantly higher Bcl-2 (217.1 +/- 85.9) and Fas (767.9 +/- 271) serum levels were found in lupus patients compared to controls (148.6 +/- 87, 550.3 +/- 91 for Bcl-2 and Fas, P < 0.05). A direct correlation between serum Bcl-2 and Fas and chronicity index was also found. Compared to normal controls, lupus nephritis is associated with glomerular expression and elevated serum levels of Bcl-2 and Fas proteins. These findings suggest possible roles for Bcl-2 and Fas in glomerular injury during evolution of lupus nephritis. The diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic ramifications of our findings are open to further investigation.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17034587 50009-9104 (Print) 0009-9104 (Linking) Journal Article17034587rDepartment of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Assuit University Hospitals, Assuit, Egypt. W~?2Gomaa, A. A. Aly, S. A. Badary, M. S. Ahmed, E. A.2007(The immunopotentiator effects of nefopam266-71Int Immunopharmacol722Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/*pharmacology Animals Antigens, Bacterial/immunology Escherichia coli/immunology Immunization Immunoglobulins/blood Interferon-gamma/blood Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects/immunology Male Mice Nefopam/*pharmacology Phagocytosis/drug effectsFebmThe effects of opiate analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the immune functions have been reported. The effect of the non-opiate analgesic nefopam on the immune functions has not yet been investigated. Male Swiss albino mice were treated with either heat killed E. coli or saline. They were classified into 12 groups. The effects of subacute (15 mg/kg/12 h S.C. daily for one week) and chronic (10 mg/kg/12 h S.C. daily for one month) treatment with nefopam on the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and total immunoglobulins were examined in both normal and immunized mice. Also, the effect of the chronic administration of nefopam on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage was evaluated in both normal and immunized mice. Subacute and chronic administration of nefopam induced no significant raise in the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or in the level of total immunoglobulins in non-immunized animals, while subacute and chronic treatment with nefopam augmented markedly the immunization induced increase of level of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Furthermore, chronic treatment with nefopam potentiated significantly the production of total immunoglobulin induced by heat killed E. coli. Chronic treatment with nefopam also was associated with significant enhancement of innate immune response reflected in the pronounced increase in the phagocytic activity of macrophages in non-immunized and immunized animals. The enhancement of phagocytic activity of macrophages by nefopam in immunized animals was significantly higher than that of non-immunized animals. These findings revealed that nefopam has the ability to trigger the immune response for bacterial antigen. The mechanism behind the immunostimulatory effect of nefopam requires further investigation, but it may be due, at least in part, to the inhibitory effect of nefopam on the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake at nerve endings. In conclusion, our findings postulated that nefopam stimulated the immune functions and improved the defence mechanism. This information may be of future therapeutic value in diseases that need immunologic enhancement.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17178394 51567-5769 (Print) 1567-5769 (Linking) Journal Article17178394dDepartment of Parmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. a.gomma@aun.edu.eg ~?5Hamed, S. Mohamed, K. El-Taher, A. Hamed, E. Omar, H.2006cThe sexual and reproductive health in men with generalized epilepsy: a multidisciplinary evaluation287-95Int J Impot Res183Adult Epilepsy, Generalized/blood/*complications/*physiopathology *Health Health Surveys Hormones/blood Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Reproduction/*physiology Sexual Behavior/*physiologyMay-JunThis study was specifically aimed to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health in a group of men with generalized epilepsy. In total, 44 men with generalized epilepsy were included in this study, their ages between 18 and 48 years (29.2+/-9.9) and duration of illness between 2 and 35 years (11.2+/-7.4); 34 patients were treated with conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Sexological and psychological interviews together with serum total testosterone, E(2), FSH, LH and prolactin were determined. Hyposexuality was diagnosed in 61.4%. Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation represented 70.4 and 66.7%, respectively. Variables such as hyposexuality, seizure duration and its poor control on AEDs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Compared to the normal control group, all patients reported elevated E(2) levels (P<0.001), 10 had FSH (n=4) and LH (n=6) levels exceeding that of the normal range for controls and two had hyperprolactinemia. Although the patients' mean value of total testosterone remained within the normal range, but it was significantly lower in hyposexual men compared to nonhyposexual (P<0.002), only two epileptic patients had markedly reduced level of total testosterone beyond normal control levels. This study strongly supports that: (1) The risk of hyposexuality and reproductive disturbances is high in epileptic patients with GTC convulsions despite the AEDs utilized. The risk for SD is further increased by poor seizure control and the frequently accompanied depressive manifestations. (2) It is possible that elevated E2 could increase the risk of SD by reducing active testosterone through negative feedback and the reduction of active testosterone could increase seizure intractability to antiepileptic medications.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16254569 50955-9930 (Print) 0955-9930 (Linking) Journal Article16254569[Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. hamed_sherifa@yahoo.com~?(Hamed, S. A. Elattar, A. M. Hamed, E. A.2006RIrreversible cochlear damage in myasthenia gravis -- otoacoustic emission analysis46-54Acta Neurol Scand1131SAdolescent Adult Auditory Threshold Chronic Disease Cochlea/pathology/*physiopathology *Diagnostic Techniques, Otological Female Follow-Up Studies Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Myasthenia Gravis/*complications/physiopathology *Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous Prospective StudiesJanXOBJECTIVE: Acetyl choline (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter of the efferent auditory system. This study is aimed to evaluate cochlear function in myasthenia gravis (MG), a neuromuscular transmission disorder caused by ACh receptor autoantibodies. METHODS: This prospective study included 16 myasthenic patients, tested audiologically twice, first after improvement from myasthenic crisis or acute oropharyngeal dysfunction (1 week from admission) and then 2 months later. We detected the effect of contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) on patients' transient and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE and DPOAE). RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients reported significant reduction in overall echo response and amplitude of TEOAEs at 1-2 kHz and at 1-6 kHz of DPOAE with marked reduction at 5 kHz. In the control group, CAS produced amplitude reduction in TEOAEs and DPOAEs at 1-4 kHz. Utilizing masking effect, patients reported amplitude reduction in TEOAEs at 1.5-4 kHz while DPOAEs did not reach significant level except at 1.5 and 5 kHz. After 2 months, no changes were observed compared with early assessment. CONCLUSIONS: It is clear that disease progression is associated with irreversible cochlear damage. Lack of improvement in patients' emissions despite partial non-audiometric improvement in relation to receptors needs to be considered.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16367899 O0001-6314 (Print) 0001-6314 (Linking) Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article16367899[Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. hamed_sherifa@yahoo.com~?4Hammouda, H. Shalaby, M. Adelelateef, A. Elakkad, M.2006LMainz II and double folded rectosigmoid pouches. Experience with 95 patients228-32 J Surg Oncol933Adult Colon, Sigmoid/surgery *Colonic Pouches Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Postoperative Complications Rectum/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery *Urinary Reservoirs, Continent Urologic Surgical Procedures/*methodsMar 1;OBJECTIVES: We report a clinical case series for construction of Mainz II or double folded rectosigmoid pouch with suitable antireflux uretero-intestinal anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five patients with invasive bladder carcinoma were treated by radical cystectomy and supravesical urinary shunt in form of either Mainz II {56 (58.9%)} or double folded {39 (41.1%)} rectosigmoid pouch. Antireflux techniques for uretero-intestinal anastomosis were subserosal extramural and submucosal tunnels for 122/190 (64.2%) dilated and 68/190 (45.8%) normal caliber ureters. All patients were kept on prophylactic alkalization. Evaluation included clinical, radiological, laboratory, and urodynamic evaluations. Mean follow-up was 40 months. RESULTS: Early postoperative complications were reported in seven (7.4%) cases that were treated conservatively. All patients were continent day and night. Reflux was reported in 2/122 (1.6%) renal units (RU) with dilated ureters and in 1/68 (1.5%) RU with normal caliber ureter, that was managed conservatively. Stenosis at uretero-intestinal anastomosis was reported in 10 (5.3%) RU. Laboratory investigations were within normal. Pouchometry results were comparable in both Mainz II and double folded rectosigmoid pouches. Both were low-pressure good capacity reservoirs. CONCLUSIONS: Mainz II pouch is indicated in cases of normal caliber, unilateral dilated, and some cases of bilateral dilated ureters, while double folded rectosigmoid pouch is optional in case of bilateral dilated ureters. Both have comparable low-pressure urodynamic features.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16482603 G0022-4790 (Print) 0022-4790 (Linking) Comparative Study Journal Article16482603KUrology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Hammouda_64@yahoo.com~?(Khedr, E. M. Ahmed, M. A. Mohamed, K. A.2006vMotor and visual cortical excitability in migraineurs patients with or without aura: transcranial magnetic stimulation13-8Neurophysiol Clin361Adult Female Humans Male Migraine Disorders/*physiopathology Motor Cortex/*physiopathology *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Visual Cortex/*physiopathologyJan-FebpBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF STUDY: Controversy surrounds measures of visual and motor cortical excitability in migraineurs: some authors report that interictal excitability is increased, others decreased. The aim of this work was to provide further evidence about motor and visual cortical excitability in migraineurs between attacks. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight migraineurs patients, 18 with aura and 10 patients without aura and 20 healthy right-handed, age and sex matched volunteers were included in the study. Each subject underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation and was submitted to the following: determination of resting motor threshold (rMT), silent period (SP), MEP input-output curves, phosphene threshold (PT). RESULTS: Patients had lower rMT, shorter SP, and increased MEP recruitment compared with control group. There was an increased prevalence of phosphene (85%) as well as lower PT (63% of the stimulator output) in migraineurs compared with control group (75%, and 72%, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between duration of attacks and PT (P = 0.02). No significant differences between patients with aura and without aura in different parameters of cortical excitability. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that the motor and visual cortexes are hyperexcitable and this appears partly to be consequent upon a failure of inhibitory circuits.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16530139 50987-7053 (Print) 0987-7053 (Linking) Journal Article16530139\Neuropsychiatry Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Emankhedr99@yahoo.com~?BKhedr, E. M. Rothwell, J. C. Ahmed, M. A. Shawky, O. A. Farouk, M.2007`Modulation of motor cortical excitability following rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation140-5Clin Neurophysiol1181LAdult Analysis of Variance Differential Threshold/radiation effects Electric Stimulation/methods Electromyography Evoked Potentials, Motor/*radiation effects Functional Laterality Humans Male Motor Cortex/*radiation effects Neural Inhibition/physiology/radiation effects Reaction Time Time Factors *Transcranial Magnetic StimulationJanXOBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high frequency rTMS (25 Hz at 90-100% of resting motor threshold) on the excitability of the motor cortex of healthy human subjects. METHODS: Resting and active motor threshold, MEP recruitment curve (I/O curve), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (ICF), and the duration of the silent period (SP) were tested in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) before and twice after the end of 1500 pulses in 16 normal young adult male volunteers. RESULTS: Twenty-five Hertz rTMS decreased motor thresholds, reduced the duration of the silent period and had a tendency to increase the slope of the I/O curve. Most of these effects lasted for the duration of the two post-testing sessions (at least 30 min) and had returned to normal by 2h. There were no significant effects on SICI/ICF. CONCLUSION: Twenty-five Hertz rTMS can produce a long lasting increase in cortical excitability in healthy subjects. SIGNIFICANCE: This method may prove useful for the study of normal human physiology and for therapeutic manipulation of brain plasticity.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17097343 51388-2457 (Print) 1388-2457 (Linking) Journal Article17097343YDepartment of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. emankhedr99@yahoo.com 9~?AKhedr, E. M. Rothwell, J. C. Shawky, O. A. Ahmed, M. A. Hamdy, A.2006hEffect of daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor performance in Parkinson's disease2201-5 Mov Disord2112Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation Electric Stimulation/methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged Motor Activity/*physiology/radiation effects Parkinson Disease/physiopathology/*therapy Psychomotor Performance/*physiology/radiation effects Retrospective Studies Severity of Illness Index Time Factors *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Walking/*physiologyDecPrevious studies in patients with Parkinson's disease have reported that a single session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve some or all of the motor symptoms for 30 to 60 minutes. A recent study suggested that repeated sessions of rTMS lead to effects that can last for at least 1 month. Here we report data that both confirm and extend this work. Fifty-five unmedicated PD patients were classified into four groups: two groups (early and late PD) received 25 Hz rTMS bilaterally on the motor arm and leg areas; other groups acted as control for frequency (10 Hz) and for site of stimulation (occipital stimulation). All patients received six consecutive daily sessions (3,000 pulses for each session). The first two groups then received a further three booster sessions (3 consecutive days of rTMS) after 1, 2, and 3 months, while the third group had only one additional session after the first month. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), walking time, key-tapping speed, and self-assessment scale were measured for each patient before and after each rTMS session and before and after the monthly sessions. Compared to occipital stimulation, 25 Hz rTMS over motor areas improved all measures in both early and late groups; the group that received 10 Hz rTMS improved more than the occipital group but less than the 25 Hz groups. The effect built up gradually during the sessions and was maintained for 1 month after, with a slight reduction in efficacy. Interestingly, the effect was restored and maintained for the next month by the booster sessions. We conclude that 25 Hz rTMS can lead to cumulative and long-lasting effects on motor performance.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17219616 V0885-3185 (Print) 0885-3185 (Linking) Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article17219616YDepartment of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. emankhedr99@yahoo.com ~?4Mohamed-Hussein, A. A. Mohamed, N. A. Ibrahim, M. E.2007AChanges in pulmonary function in patients with ulcerative colitis977-82 Respir Med1015Adolescent Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use Body Mass Index Colitis, Ulcerative/*complications/drug therapy/physiopathology Eosinophilia/etiology Female Forced Expiratory Volume Humans Lymphocytosis/etiology Male Middle Aged Nutritional Status Oxygen/blood Prospective Studies Respiration Disorders/*etiology/physiopathology Respiratory Function Tests Severity of Illness Index Smoking/physiopathology Sputum/cytology Sulfasalazine/therapeutic use Vital CapacityMay_OBJECTIVES: Information on the occurrence and frequency of pulmonary involvement in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is inconsistent. Some authors reported pulmonary impairment with UC by standard pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and documented a reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) especially in patients with active disease, whereas others could not detect differences in routine PFTs between UC patients and controls. AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the frequency and type of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with UC with respect to disease activity. Furthermore, to evaluate the influence of smoking, nutritional status, sputum cytology and sulphasalazine therapy on PFT parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with UC (20 with active disease, 6 inactive) and 16 age and sex matched healthy controls were investigated with respect to the following pulmonary function tests, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the 1s (FEV(1)%) and their ratio (FEV(1)/FVC) and forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%) as well as oxygen saturation. For UC patients, colonoscopy and biopsy were done. Disease activity was assessed by Truelove index for UC. Induced sputum was sampled for cytology. Smoking habit, body mass index (BMI) and medications were recorded. RESULTS: Fifteen out of 26 patients with UC (57.6%) exhibited at least one pathological pulmonary function test (<80% of predicted value). Small airway obstruction was reported in the 15 patients, restrictive dysfunction in 30.7% and obstructive dysfunction in 11.5%. The impairment of PFTs was significant and more pronounced in patients with active disease, FVC (-14% of predicted), FEV(1) (-9% of predicted) and FEF25-75% (-32% of predicted), P<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. There was no significant influence of smoking and medications on PFTs. CONCLUSIONS: UC patients show significantly decreased lung function tests in comparison to healthy controls. The impairment in active disease exceeded that during the remission. Early recognition is important, as they can be strikingly steroid responsive.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17049827 50954-6111 (Print) 0954-6111 (Linking) Journal Article17049827LDepartment of Chest, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. massah_99@yahoo.com~?/Said, G. Z. Farouk, O. El-Sayed, A. Said, H. G.2006KSalvage of failed dynamic hip screw fixation of intertrochanteric fractures194-202Injury372FAdult Aged Aged, 80 and over Bone Screws Cohort Studies Extremities/pathology Female Fracture Fixation, Internal/*adverse effects Gait Hip Fractures/complications/*surgery Humans Internal Fixators Male Middle Aged Pain/etiology Postoperative Complications Reoperation Salvage Therapy/adverse effects/*methods Treatment OutcomeFebTwenty-six patients with failed dynamic hip screw fixation of intertrochanteric fractures were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 61 years (range, 38-84 years). Average limb shortening was 2.4 cm; 18 patients were treated with revision internal fixation and eight patients with prosthetic replacement. The decision depended on the physiological age of the patient, quality of bone, and condition of the femoral head and the acetabulum. The revision internal fixation group included DHS reinsertion in eight patients, valgus osteotomy and revision DHS fixation in six, while four patients were treated by valgus osteotomy and insertion of single-angled 130 degrees plate. The prosthetic replacement group included cemented Thompson endoprothesis in five patients and cemented total hip arthroplasty in three. The mean follow-up period was 31 months (range, 15-72 months). All patients of revision internal fixation group achieved fracture healing without bone grafting. Time to union averaged 17 weeks. Average gain in length was 2 cm Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurred in one patient. Six patients of the prosthetic replacement group achieved good functional outcome and pain-free gait. The remaining two had unsatisfactory result.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16378609 50020-1383 (Print) 0020-1383 (Linking) Journal Article16378609eDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Assiut University Hospitals, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.)~? Sayed, M. A.2006SSemen changes after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for distal-ureteral stones483-5 J Endourol207Adult Birth Rate Humans Infertility, Male/*etiology Lithotripsy/*adverse effects/methods Male Semen/*cytology/physiology Sperm Count Sperm Motility/physiology Ureteral Calculi/*therapyJulPURPOSE: To determine the effects on semen of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for distal-ureteral stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined the semen of 62 patients 1 day before and 1 week and 3 months after SWL for distal-ureteral stones. The results were compared with those of 62 patients similarly treated for upper- ureteral stones. RESULTS: Sperm density and motility decreased significantly after SWL for distal-ureteral stones (P < 0.001 for both). Macroscopic hemospermia was reported by 16 patients. These changes were reversed by 3 months. No change was observed after SWL for upper-ureteral stones. CONCLUSION: Transient deterioration of semen characteristics can be expected after SWL for distal-ureteral stones, which may be attributable to damage to the seminal vesicles or ejaculatory ducts. The changes are transient, and normal semen characteristics are found by 3 months after SWL. The long-term effects in subfertile men warrant further investigation.fhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16859460 50892-7790 (Print) 0892-7790 (Linking) Journal Article16859460QUrology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Sayedmohamed_22@hotmail.com||78Abdel-Aleem, H. Hofmeyr, G. J. Shokry, M. El-Sonoosy, E.2006)Uterine massage and postpartum blood loss238-9Int J Gynaecol Obstet933 2006/05/09BFemale Humans Injections, Intramuscular Injections, Intravenous Labor Stage, Third Oxytocics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Oxytocin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Postpartum Hemorrhage/drug therapy/etiology/*therapy *Postpartum Period Pregnancy Retrospective Studies Uterine Inertia/drug therapy/therapyJun+http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16678826Abdel-Aleem, H Hofmeyr, G J Shokry, M El-Sonoosy, E Randomized Controlled Trial Ireland International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Jun;93(3):238-9. Epub 2006 May 6.%0020-7292 (Print) 0020-7292 (Linking)16678826dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. aleemh@yahoo.com6S0020-7292(06)00110-X [pii] 10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.03.006engPK@^[@I/**refs.frm 0B< !// !HPRIMARYyearIndex 6ByP/) idreference_type text_stylesauthoryear title pages secondary_title volume numbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_published publishersubsidiary_authoredition keywords type_of_workdate2)  abstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_author notes isbn custom_1 custom_2 custom_3 custom_4alternate_titleaccession_number call_number short_title custom_5 custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationH) reprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaption custom_7 electronic_resource_number link_to_pdf translated_author translated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_notes language access_datelast_modified_date !! H!H!H! (H! 3H! >H! IH! TH!_H!jH!uH! H!H!H! H! H!H! H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! %H! 0H!;H!FH! QH! \H! gH! rH!}H!H!H!H!H!H!H! H! H! H! H! H!H! H!H! "H! -H!8H!idreference_typetext_stylesauthoryeartitlepagessecondary_titlevolumenumbernumber_of_volumessecondary_authorplace_publishedpublishersubsidiary_authoreditionkeywordstype_of_workdateabstractlabelurltertiary_titletertiary_authornotesisbncustom_1custom_2custom_3custom_4alternate_titleaccession_numbercall_numbershort_titlecustom_5custom_6sectionoriginal_publicationreprint_editionreviewed_itemauthor_addressimagecaptioncustom_7electronic_resource_numberlink_to_pdftranslated_authortranslated_titlename_of_databasedatabase_providerresearch_noteslanguageaccess_datelast_modified_datePKA^[@ `44refs.MYDPK@^[@I/**Zrefs.frmPKlX