Background

The cesarean scar defect (CSD), or niche, is one of the emerging complications after cesarean section (CS), potentially leading to symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain and secondary infertility.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of CSD among women attending the outpatient clinic at Women’s Health Hospital, Assiut university, Egypt, and to identify the possible CSD-related symptoms and risk factors for CSD formation.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study included 234 women with a history of CS performed more than one year before recruitment, between June 2022 and December 2023. Participants underwent 2D transvaginal ultrasound to detect CSD, defined as an indentation of ≥ 2 mm depth at the CS scar site. Data collected encompassed demographic, obstetric, and variable symptoms and analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression …