We examined an alkaline ring complex in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, Wadi Dib ring complex (WDRC), to understand formation mechanisms of the intimately related ring structure and chemical diversity. The WDRC consists of multiple circular rings of the oldest volcanic units, the middle-stage plutonic unit, and the youngest dike unit, and these units show overlapping whole-rock major element compositions. The compositional variation of the volcanic and plutonic units can be accounted for by a stepwise fractional crystallization starting with a trachytic magma without significant magma replenishment or crustal contamination. From the margin to the center and oldest to youngest, the plutonic unit consists of an outer ring (syenite), inner rings 1 (quartz-bearing syenite) and 2 (quartz syenite), and a granitic core (syenogranite). The whole-rock chemical composition of the plutonic unit is progressively more fractionated inwards from the outer ring to the granitic core through the inner rings. Syenites from the innermost outer ring show high degree of deformation, which gradually decreases outwards in the outer ring and abruptly decreases inwards in the outermost inner ring 1. The deformed syenites show microstructures suggesting reactive melt transportation. The country rocks neighboring the ring complex and equivalent blocks present in the periphery of the outer ring, the overlying volcanic unit and equivalent blocks present in the inner rings all show microstructures indicative of pyrometamorphism. Spatial variations in the microstructures in the plutonic unit indicate an increase in cooling rate from the outer ring to the granitic core and thus with time …