In this study, 2-[(E)-(hexylimino)methyl] phenol (SA-Hex-SF) was synthesized by adding salicylaldehyde (SA) and n-hexylamine (Hex-NH₂), which was subsequently reduced by sodium borohydride to produce 2-[(hexylamino)methyl] phenol (SA-Hex-NH). Finally, the SA-Hex-NH reacted with formaldehyde to give a benzoxazine monomer (SA-Hex-BZ). Then, the monomer was thermally polymerized at 210 °C to produce the poly(SA-Hex-BZ). The chemical composition of SA-Hex-BZ was examined using FT-IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively, were used to examine the thermal behavior, surface morphology, and crystallinity of the SA-Hex-BZ and its PBZ polymer. Mild steel (MS) was coated by poly(SA-Hex-BZ) which was quickly prepared using spray coating and …

Nowadays growing concerns are rising toward water contamination caused by pharmaceuticals. Consequently, the design of optical sensors for their detection and analysis is extremely essential. In the current work, iron (III) aminoterephthalate-based metal-organic framework (Fe(III)-MOF) was synthesized by two approaches i.e. conventional and ultrasonication without the use of any organic solvents. Calcination of the synthesized Fe(III)-MOFs resulted in formation of different iron oxide phases i.e. magnetite and hematite depending on the calcination conditions. Magnetite NPs obtained from calcination of conventionally prepared MOF were efficiently utilized in the removal of daclatasvir (DAC), a hepatitis C antiviral drug, from water. Adsorption mechanism was investigated, and it was found that electrostatic interaction is the main force governing the adsorption of DAC on the magnetite NPs surface. Moreover, adsorption kinetics was studied, and it was established that adsorption of DAC on magnetite NPs surface follows pseudo-second order kinetics with R² = 0.9970. The removal efficiency reached 99.9% after 220 min while using 5.0 mg/L of DAC. Furthermore, conventionally prepared Fe(III)-MOF showed higher fluorescence signal than ultrasonically-prepared MOF (∼3.0 times). This finding was exploited for utilization of conventionally prepared Fe(III)-MOF as a highly sensitive “turn-off” fluorescent probe for the analysis of nifuroxazide (NIFR) in domestic water. Parameters affecting sensing properties such as pH, solvent type and concentration of Fe(III)-MOF were optimized. The highest fluorescence quenching efficiency of NIFR was achieved while using 50 mg/L of Fe(III)-MOF in pH 9.0. Inner-filter effect was verified experimentally and mathematically to be the principal mechanism of the fluorescence quenching. The developed strategy showed high selectivity and sensitivity towards the analysis of NIFR with limit of detection and quantitation of 8.0 and 25.0 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, the designed sensor was successfully applied for determination of NIFR in domestic water without any interference from other tested antiviral, antidiabetic or antimicrobial drugs.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are considered a growing health problem to both poultry and the public, particularly due to its multi-drug resistance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are a promising multi-benefit candidate. This study focused on boosting the antimicrobial effect of the chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs using Polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) and evaluating their potential to recover the sensitivity of Florfenicol and Streptomycin-resistant APEC to these drugs in a concentration range of 0.1–0.4 mg/mL. Four samples of ZnO-NPs were formulated and tested microbiologically.

Calcium Hardness (Ca. H) and total Hardness ions in drinkable groundwater cause great problems for the entire world especially, the population communities which are located far from surface water sources. The present study investigates the use of Sodalite Bearing Modified Illite (SBMI) as a sustainable and new technique to eliminate these ions from drinkable groundwater to compatible with the instruction of the World Health Organization. The methodology was achieved by using a new method to remove these ions’ excess calcium Hardness and total Hardness depending on two main processes; the adsorption as a first step and the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation process as a second step. The results of this study were achieved through conducting three tasks; (1) Chemical analysis surveys for all the groundwater wells, to determine the areas which are more affected by these salts, and plot them on the …

Here we present a deaggregation appraisal conducted for 15 selected significant cities in Western Mexico, for four oscillation periods (PGA, SA (0.2 s), SA (1.0 s), and SA (2.0 s)), also considering a different input for the soil condition (for B, B/C and C NEHRP site classes), and for two return periods (475 and 975 years). This study is based on a previous complete recently published seismic hazard evaluation for the region. An area source model consisting of thirty-seven seismic sources has been used alternatively in a logic tree with a spatially smoothed seismicity model for the same region. The obtained hazard deaggregation results prove that for most of the studied cities –those located along the Pacific coast–, nearby seismic sources are contributing most to the seismic hazard at the studied location, especially for lower periods (PGA and SA (0.2 s)). However, for a few cities far from the Middle America Trench, distant large-magnitude earthquakes contribute more to the seismic hazard, especially at larger spectral periods (SA (1.0 s) and SA (2.0 s)). Additionally, this study shows that the differences in the soil conditions for the computed return periods, have a little influence on the obtained
deaggregation results

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection of heat and mass transfer is carried out using finite difference method applied inside a tilted porous cavity saturated with a hybrid nanofluid due to the presence of the double-moving lid and the heat sources. In contrast to the earlier research, various effects which are recognized by heat generation in the local thermal non-equilibrium case at the extended Brinkman Darcy model subjected to inclined magnetic field are thoroughly examined numerically. For instance, unusual observations of the cold mass surrounding the heat source emphasize that the maximum fluid temperature highly depends on the forced convection. Additionally, solid-phase temperature acts in accordance to the heat source location while fluid temperature is agitated by the moveable sides which points up the disparity at the thermal energy transportation. However, the transfer of heat and 

This paper explores the heat transfer by mixed convection within double lid-driven enclosures filled with Cu–AlO hybrid nanofluids. The domain contains T-shaped baffles and is filled with local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) porous medium. The wavy boundaries are partially cooled, while the inner baffles have constant heat flux conditions. Mathematical formulations for the system irreversibility in cases of LTNE, constant heat flux conditions and double diffusive are presented and analyzed. The solution methodology is depending on the finite volume scheme in case of non-orthogonal grids. The major results revealed that the alteration of the undulation number  from 1 to 5 gives an augmentation in values of  up to 4.57%. Also, the increase in the lengths of the baffles causes a reduction in the flow, while  is rising. Furthermore, the alteration in Ri from 0.5 to 10 gives an augmentation in  up to