An efficient access to benzo[b]thiophene-fused or -bridged to medium-sized N-heterocycles e.g. azocinones,
azoninones and azecinones, is described. The process involves cyclization of benzo[b]thiophene carboxylic
ester precursors, mediated by Lewis and Brønsted acids under suitable conditions. The ring closure precursors
were assembled starting from 2-acetylbenzo[b]thiophene. The developed strategy allows control of ring size
and offers easy access to fused benzo[b]thiophene polycycles of promising biological importance in moderate
to good yields.

In the current study, a comparison between the diferent Mn3O4/ZnO, CuO/ZnO and Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposites with respect to their structural, morphological, optical and photocatalytic properties is presented. The nanostructure nature of the investigated composites was confrmed by the XRD and SEM analysis. The nanocrystalline ZnO, M3O4, CuO and Fe2O3 phases were observed with diferent crystalline structure, including hexagonal, tetragonal, monoclinic and rhombohedral, respectively. The morphology of ZnO based nanocomposites was found to be dependent on the type of the metal oxide added to ZnO nanostructure. In addition, the studied nanocomposites showed diferent optical properties. The highest and lowest band gap of 3.14 and 2.00 eV were obtained for ZnO nanoparticles and Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposite. Concerning the photocatalytic properties, the ZnO nanoparticles, Mn3O4/ZnO, CuO/ZnO and Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposites showed an efciency of 49.63, 29.8, 11.61 and 95.34%, respectively, for the photodegradation of methylene blue. The Fe2O3/ZnO nanocomposites exhibited the highest activity for water purifcation compared to the other nanocomposites

This study investigated the bioelectrical performance of a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) fueled with acetate as the electron donor and inoculated with municipal solid waste rejected fractions (MSWRFs) as a microbial inoculum. The molecular characterization of the bacterial community structures of the anodic biofilm was conducted based on 16s RNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that the highest open-circuit voltage (OCV) was 797 mV and the system had a maximum power density of 134.5 mW/m2 at a stable current density of 328 mA/m2 . The microbial fuel cell’s (MFC) columbic efficiency (CE) was 55% at a maximum substrate degradation rate of about 86.6% based on COD removal efficiency. The molecular analysis of the anodic bacterial isolates indicated that the phylogenetic bacterial mixture was dominated by seven strains with similarity percentage above 99% for each strain: Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus sp., Bacillus subterranous, Enterobacter celoaca, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. These results suggested that MSWRFs bacterial consortia have a moderate symbiotic structure as indicated by electrons release in parallel with substrate decomposition.