life and its relation to level of anxiety prior to childbirth. Study design: Was a descriptive analytical study. A sample size of 162 was estimated to be necessary to achieve a power of 80%. Setting: The data collected from childbirth ward at Women’s Health Hospital from February 2015 to May 2015.Tools of the study: Three tools were used 1) Demographic & clinical data 2) Anxiety scale by El- Hams (2010), and 3) Quality of life questionnaire by El- Hams (2010). Results: The total number of participants was 162 with mean age 26.7+6.6. More than fifty percent of participants were had severe anxiety related to vaginal examination, and the relation between quality of life and childbirth anxiety confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Anxiety level in our study confirm a higher level than comparable studies which reflected an achievement of supposed hypothesis that anxiety level might be thirty percent or greater. Recommendations: The women’s health facilities should include anxiety level test as one of childbirth procedures and providing family support system for mother during childbirth process

Aim: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. In Egypt, previous studies have reported that the prevalence of PPD ranged from 20-50% depending on location in Lower and Upper Egypt. This study aimed to evaluate the co-factors affecting the occurrence of PPD amongst puerperal women in Sohag city, Egypt. Methods: The study was carried out at Sohag University Hospital from June 2015 to May 2016. All women within 6 weeks after birth who gave their consent were included. A pretested questionnaire including demographic, psychosocial, maternal and infant variables as well as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was completed. A woman with an EPDS score ≥13 was considered to have PPD, while a score 12 ruled out PPD. Results: We recruited 658 women, among whom 47 had an EPDS score ≥13, giving a prevalence of 7.14% of PPD. Women who delivered female babies or those who had a medical illness in their babies were significantly more likely to suffer from PPD. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPD in our setting was 7.14% which reflected the lowest prevalence among regions in Egypt. This could be due to differences of regional culture, families’ ties or other co-factors and needs further verification.

patients under Open heart surgery, high risk for many respiratory complications post operatively, chest physiotherapy techniques are used to increase lung volumes, improve oxygenation and decrease the incidence and severity of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery .deep breathing is a major par t of the therapy. Aim ,This study amid to compare the effect of incentive spirometer, and conservative therapy among open heart surgery patients for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. Design, Aquasi –experimental design. Setting, conducted in postoperative intensive care unit of Assiut university hospitals. Subject, a convenience sample of 50 adult open heart patients of both sexes.Group1 (incentive spirometry), group2 (conservative therapy).25 patients for each. Tools, Two tools were developed in this study, tool one (Patient's socio demographic characteristics and health status among open heart patients), tool two (Observation checklist for post-operative pulmonary complications among open heart surgical patients).Result of this study revealed that a statistical significant difference was found between the two groups regarding to atalectasis . As regard pulmonary secretion it was noticed that a highly percent 80%&72% of patients in group 2(conservative therapy)&1(incentive spirometer) respectively. Conclusion of this study illustrated that a positive effects of incentive spirometer compared with other physiotherapy breathing techniques on occurrence of pulmonary complications among open heart patients postoperatively, showed a significantly smaller amount of secretions and atelectasis, improved oxygenation and had less reduction in FVC(forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second)on the fourth postoperative day compared to conservative therapy. Recommendations, Explain to the nurse the deference between deep breathing exercise alone and deep breathing exercise with anther maneuver.

patients under Open heart surgery, high risk for many respiratory complications post operatively, chest physiotherapy techniques are used to increase lung volumes, improve oxygenation and decrease the incidence and severity of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery .deep breathing is a major par t of the therapy. Aim ,This study amid to compare the effect of incentive spirometer, and conservative therapy among open heart surgery patients for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. Design, Aquasi –experimental design. Setting, conducted in postoperative intensive care unit of Assiut university hospitals. Subject, a convenience sample of 50 adult open heart patients of both sexes.Group1 (incentive spirometry), group2 (conservative therapy).25 patients for each. Tools, Two tools were developed in this study, tool one (Patient's socio demographic characteristics and health status among open heart patients), tool two (Observation checklist for post-operative pulmonary complications among open heart surgical patients).Result of this study revealed that a statistical significant difference was found between the two groups regarding to atalectasis . As regard pulmonary secretion it was noticed that a highly percent 80%&72% of patients in group 2(conservative therapy)&1(incentive spirometer) respectively. Conclusion of this study illustrated that a positive effects of incentive spirometer compared with other physiotherapy breathing techniques on occurrence of pulmonary complications among open heart patients postoperatively, showed a significantly smaller amount of secretions and atelectasis, improved oxygenation and had less reduction in FVC(forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second)on the fourth postoperative day compared to conservative therapy. Recommendations, Explain to the nurse the deference between deep breathing exercise alone and deep breathing exercise with anther maneuver.

patients under Open heart surgery, high risk for many respiratory complications post operatively, chest physiotherapy techniques are used to increase lung volumes, improve oxygenation and decrease the incidence and severity of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery .deep breathing is a major par t of the therapy. Aim ,This study amid to compare the effect of incentive spirometer, and conservative therapy among open heart surgery patients for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. Design, Aquasi –experimental design. Setting, conducted in postoperative intensive care unit of Assiut university hospitals. Subject, a convenience sample of 50 adult open heart patients of both sexes.Group1 (incentive spirometry), group2 (conservative therapy).25 patients for each. Tools, Two tools were developed in this study, tool one (Patient's socio demographic characteristics and health status among open heart patients), tool two (Observation checklist for post-operative pulmonary complications among open heart surgical patients).Result of this study revealed that a statistical significant difference was found between the two groups regarding to atalectasis . As regard pulmonary secretion it was noticed that a highly percent 80%&72% of patients in group 2(conservative therapy)&1(incentive spirometer) respectively. Conclusion of this study illustrated that a positive effects of incentive spirometer compared with other physiotherapy breathing techniques on occurrence of pulmonary complications among open heart patients postoperatively, showed a significantly smaller amount of secretions and atelectasis, improved oxygenation and had less reduction in FVC(forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second)on the fourth postoperative day compared to conservative therapy. Recommendations, Explain to the nurse the deference between deep breathing exercise alone and deep breathing exercise with anther maneuver.

Abstract: A decrease in pulmonary function is well known after open heart surgery. Roentgenological signs of atelectasis are common, reduced lung volumes and oxygenation in the post-operative period. Post-operative treatment includes early mobilization, change of position, breathing exercises and coughing techniques. Various mechanical devices have been used in order to improve post-operative pulmonary function, for example incentive spirometry, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive pressure breathing and blow bottle device. The blow bottle is another technique to produce expiratory resistance and the initial rationale for the technique was to expand the lungs. Design A quasi –experimental design. Setting, The study was conducted in postoperative intensive care unit of Assiut university hospitals. Subject,a convenience sample of 50 adult open heart patients of both sexes. Group1 (conservative therapy), and group2 (blow bottle)] 25 patients for each. Tools, Two tools were developed in this study, tool one (Patient's socio demographic characteristics and health status tool among open heart patients),tool two (Observation checklist for post-operative pulmonary complications among open heart surgical patients). Result of this study revealed that a statistical significant difference was found between the two groups regarding to atalectasis p (0.044). As regard pulmonary secretion it was noticed that percent 72% of patients in group 1(incentive spirometer), while 60% of patients having pulmonary secretion in group 2(blow bottle). Conclusion of this study illustrated that a positive effects of PEP (blow bottle)than conservative therapy on occurrence of pulmonary complications among open heart patients postoperatively. Patients who performed deep breathing exercises with a blow bottle device postoperatively showed a significantly smaller amount of secretions and atelectasis, improved oxygenation and had less reduction in FVC and FEV1 on the fourth postoperative day compared to conservative therapy . Recommendations, Explain to the nurse the deference between deep breathing exercise alone and deep breathing exercise with anther maneuver such as blow bottle device, and the effectiveness on respiratory system for preventing respiratory complications.

Abstract: A decrease in pulmonary function is well known after open heart surgery. Roentgenological signs of atelectasis are common, reduced lung volumes and oxygenation in the post-operative period. Post-operative treatment includes early mobilization, change of position, breathing exercises and coughing techniques. Various mechanical devices have been used in order to improve post-operative pulmonary function, for example incentive spirometry, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive pressure breathing and blow bottle device. The blow bottle is another technique to produce expiratory resistance and the initial rationale for the technique was to expand the lungs. Design A quasi –experimental design. Setting, The study was conducted in postoperative intensive care unit of Assiut university hospitals. Subject,a convenience sample of 50 adult open heart patients of both sexes. Group1 (conservative therapy), and group2 (blow bottle)] 25 patients for each. Tools, Two tools were developed in this study, tool one (Patient's socio demographic characteristics and health status tool among open heart patients),tool two (Observation checklist for post-operative pulmonary complications among open heart surgical patients). Result of this study revealed that a statistical significant difference was found between the two groups regarding to atalectasis p (0.044). As regard pulmonary secretion it was noticed that percent 72% of patients in group 1(incentive spirometer), while 60% of patients having pulmonary secretion in group 2(blow bottle). Conclusion of this study illustrated that a positive effects of PEP (blow bottle)than conservative therapy on occurrence of pulmonary complications among open heart patients postoperatively. Patients who performed deep breathing exercises with a blow bottle device postoperatively showed a significantly smaller amount of secretions and atelectasis, improved oxygenation and had less reduction in FVC and FEV1 on the fourth postoperative day compared to conservative therapy . Recommendations, Explain to the nurse the deference between deep breathing exercise alone and deep breathing exercise with anther maneuver such as blow bottle device, and the effectiveness on respiratory system for preventing respiratory complications.

Death rate of patients with liver cirrhosis is 41.6% in Egypt. It is important to assess the nutritional status of this group of patients because these patients suffer from protein-calorie malnutrition. Aim: Assessment of nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis in Assiut university hospital.Patient and Methods: 60 adult patients with liver cirrhosis as a study group were conducted at Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department at Assiut University hospital. Tools utilized for data collection were :( I) patient assessment and (II) nutritional assessment. Results: The main causes of patients with liver cirrhotic were HCV and HBV infection. Malnutrition was prevalent in 85% of patients. The most common malnutrition risk factors were dry mouth, taste alteration, food intolerance, multiple medications and the presence of ascites. Conclusions: the majority of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were malnourished regardless the etiology of liver cirrhosis. Identifying the patients that are approaching the state of malnutrition by simple and easily applied methods is necessary in order to provide nutritional support. Recommendations: Nutritional support and regimen, advice and guidelines by dietitian should be undertaken for all cirrhotic patients to prevent the occurrence of complications of malnutrition and improve clinical outcome.

Death rate of patients with liver cirrhosis is 41.6% in Egypt. It is important to assess the nutritional status of this group of patients because these patients suffer from protein-calorie malnutrition. Aim: Assessment of nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis in Assiut university hospital.Patient and Methods: 60 adult patients with liver cirrhosis as a study group were conducted at Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department at Assiut University hospital. Tools utilized for data collection were :( I) patient assessment and (II) nutritional assessment. Results: The main causes of patients with liver cirrhotic were HCV and HBV infection. Malnutrition was prevalent in 85% of patients. The most common malnutrition risk factors were dry mouth, taste alteration, food intolerance, multiple medications and the presence of ascites. Conclusions: the majority of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were malnourished regardless the etiology of liver cirrhosis. Identifying the patients that are approaching the state of malnutrition by simple and easily applied methods is necessary in order to provide nutritional support. Recommendations: Nutritional support and regimen, advice and guidelines by dietitian should be undertaken for all cirrhotic patients to prevent the occurrence of complications of malnutrition and improve clinical outcome.

Death rate of patients with liver cirrhosis is 41.6% in Egypt. It is important to assess the nutritional status of this group of patients because these patients suffer from protein-calorie malnutrition. Aim: Assessment of nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis in Assiut university hospital.Patient and Methods: 60 adult patients with liver cirrhosis as a study group were conducted at Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department at Assiut University hospital. Tools utilized for data collection were :( I) patient assessment and (II) nutritional assessment. Results: The main causes of patients with liver cirrhotic were HCV and HBV infection. Malnutrition was prevalent in 85% of patients. The most common malnutrition risk factors were dry mouth, taste alteration, food intolerance, multiple medications and the presence of ascites. Conclusions: the majority of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were malnourished regardless the etiology of liver cirrhosis. Identifying the patients that are approaching the state of malnutrition by simple and easily applied methods is necessary in order to provide nutritional support. Recommendations: Nutritional support and regimen, advice and guidelines by dietitian should be undertaken for all cirrhotic patients to prevent the occurrence of complications of malnutrition and improve clinical outcome.