This work aimed to study some socio-economic factors affecting childlabor in Assiut City, regarding familial and housing conditions of those children. Also, to shed light on work-related health hazards, as well as, work environment, in addition to identifying the main causes of school drop-out among those children. This study has been conducted at workplace of the studied children through personal interviews with every child alone. The study included 295 children, whose ages were 15 years or less. The study findings showed that (63.4%) of children were working (8-12 hours) daily, (41.7%) left school before completing the basic education for many reasons, including absence of desire to continue education, repeated failure, family carelessness, financial problems and death of parents. It is documented that more than half of school drop-outs (59.3%) were living in two-parent basic families. The study recommends that the already working children who forced early to labor due to adverse circumstances, should be covered by medical and social insurance, and abolishing their illiteracy and prohibiting children employment in hazardous work. Also, it recommends the necessity of total enrolment of all eligible children in basic compulsory education and reviewing the education system to make the school more attractive to children with the aim to minimize the school drop-outs .