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ASTUDY was initiated through various experiments aiming to optimize different stages including callus induction, shoot regeneration, shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of Petunia hybrida. Callogenesis from leaves of in vitro-grown seedling was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA combined with BAP at various concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l). The results indicated that the medium with BAP at 0.5 mg/l in combination with NAA at 0.1 mg/l resulted in the highest percentage for explants producing callus (40%). Callus was transferred to regeneration medium to study the effect of three types of cytokinins including BAP, TDZ and Kin at different concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l). The results showed that BAP at 0.2 mg/l or TDZ at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/l induced the highest multiplication capacity (90%). Another experiment employed four MS basal salt strengths (full, ¾, ½ and ¼ MS) in combination with three concentrations of sucrose (20, 30 and 40 g/l). Full strength MS basal salt medium with sucrose (40 g/l) boosted multiplication performance. Multiplied shoots were studied for rooting ability. Applying sucrose at the lowest concentration (15 g/l) with full or ½ MS produced the highest rooting percent (100%), the highest number of roots (8.33) per shoot and the longest roots (12.03 cm). The well rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized on different potting media including peat moss, vermiculite, clay and perlite where clay surpassed other growing medium mixtures with a 89% survival rate.

ASTUDY was initiated through various experiments aiming to optimize different stages including callus induction, shoot regeneration, shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of Petunia hybrida. Callogenesis from leaves of in vitro-grown seedling was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA combined with BAP at various concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l). The results indicated that the medium with BAP at 0.5 mg/l in combination with NAA at 0.1 mg/l resulted in the highest percentage for explants producing callus (40%). Callus was transferred to regeneration medium to study the effect of three types of cytokinins including BAP, TDZ and Kin at different concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l). The results showed that BAP at 0.2 mg/l or TDZ at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/l induced the highest multiplication capacity (90%). Another experiment employed four MS basal salt strengths (full, ¾, ½ and ¼ MS) in combination with three concentrations of sucrose (20, 30 and 40 g/l). Full strength MS basal salt medium with sucrose (40 g/l) boosted multiplication performance. Multiplied shoots were studied for rooting ability. Applying sucrose at the lowest concentration (15 g/l) with full or ½ MS produced the highest rooting percent (100%), the highest number of roots (8.33) per shoot and the longest roots (12.03 cm). The well rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized on different potting media including peat moss, vermiculite, clay and perlite where clay surpassed other growing medium mixtures with a 89% survival rate.

ASTUDY was initiated through various experiments aiming to optimize different stages including callus induction, shoot regeneration, shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of Petunia hybrida. Callogenesis from leaves of in vitro-grown seedling was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA combined with BAP at various concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l). The results indicated that the medium with BAP at 0.5 mg/l in combination with NAA at 0.1 mg/l resulted in the highest percentage for explants producing callus (40%). Callus was transferred to regeneration medium to study the effect of three types of cytokinins including BAP, TDZ and Kin at different concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l). The results showed that BAP at 0.2 mg/l or TDZ at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/l induced the highest multiplication capacity (90%). Another experiment employed four MS basal salt strengths (full, ¾, ½ and ¼ MS) in combination with three concentrations of sucrose (20, 30 and 40 g/l). Full strength MS basal salt medium with sucrose (40 g/l) boosted multiplication performance. Multiplied shoots were studied for rooting ability. Applying sucrose at the lowest concentration (15 g/l) with full or ½ MS produced the highest rooting percent (100%), the highest number of roots (8.33) per shoot and the longest roots (12.03 cm). The well rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized on different potting media including peat moss, vermiculite, clay and perlite where clay surpassed other growing medium mixtures with a 89% survival rate.

Faba bean is a paramount grain legume crop, which plays an important role in the food security for humans and animals, in addition to its vital role in sustainable agriculture. However, this crop is prone to yield losses due to infection with Fusarium root rot. We evaluated 16 faba bean genotypes for yield and resistance to Fusarium root rot as well as study the enzymes activity, including total phenolics, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate, associated with resistance to Fusarium. solani. We found that some genotypes, including Giza-2, Giza-843 and Nobaria-2, showed high seed yield per plant under normal field conditions as well as high values of the total phenols, Guaiacol-dependent peroxidase activity, Catalase activity and Ascorbate peroxidase activity content. Furthermore, Nobaria-1 and Sakha-4 showed high resistance to Fusarium root rot with modest seed yield per plant, along with high values of the aforementioned enzymes. Our results imply the role of high content of phenolics as well as the other enzymes activities in the host-plant resistance against root rot caused by F. solani.

Faba bean is a paramount grain legume crop, which plays an important role in the food security for humans and animals, in addition to its vital role in sustainable agriculture. However, this crop is prone to yield losses due to infection with Fusarium root rot. We evaluated 16 faba bean genotypes for yield and resistance to Fusarium root rot as well as study the enzymes activity, including total phenolics, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate, associated with resistance to Fusarium. solani. We found that some genotypes, including Giza-2, Giza-843 and Nobaria-2, showed high seed yield per plant under normal field conditions as well as high values of the total phenols, Guaiacol-dependent peroxidase activity, Catalase activity and Ascorbate peroxidase activity content. Furthermore, Nobaria-1 and Sakha-4 showed high resistance to Fusarium root rot with modest seed yield per plant, along with high values of the aforementioned enzymes. Our results imply the role of high content of phenolics as well as the other enzymes activities in the host-plant resistance against root rot caused by F. solani.