Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates are increasing globally. Protection is especially important for those who are at risk for serious and fatal disease. Furthermore, factors increasing these risks are of interest in the search of potential treatments. The study's goal is to improve our understanding of how risk factors affect COVID-19 fatality rates. Methods: Data was collected for all 100 COVID- 19 adult patients who admitted to Chest Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals and other quarantine hospitals in Assiut, Egypt with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR from January 2022 to August2022.The patient cohort was classified into severe group (n=32) cases developed as severe symptoms and needed critical care support (ICU). A total of 68 patients did not require intensive care (ICU) and were thus classified as non-severe. Follow-up was completed on October, 2022, at which time all patients either were discharged from the hospital as “cured” or had a fatal outcome of the disease. Results: 56.0% of patients were ≥60 years, 65 patients (65%) were of the male gender. The most prevalent symptoms among patients were dyspnea (98%), cough (93%) followed by fever (74%). The most prevalent comorbidities hypertension (37%), diabetes mellitus (34%), and followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19%).32.0% of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted ICU, and 18.0% of patients were died. Conclusion: In this study, the most common risk factors associated with COVID-19 among the studied population were age ≥60 years, male gender (65%) and comorbidities (hypertension (37.0%), diabetes mellitus (34.0%) and COPD (19.0%)). Also, age and comorbidities were significantly higher in died patients when compared with cured patients.

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates are increasing globally. Protection is especially important for those who are at risk for serious and fatal disease. Furthermore, factors increasing these risks are of interest in the search of potential treatments. The study's goal is to improve our understanding of how risk factors affect COVID-19 fatality rates. Methods: Data was collected for all 100 COVID- 19 adult patients who admitted to Chest Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals and other quarantine hospitals in Assiut, Egypt with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR from January 2022 to August2022.The patient cohort was classified into severe group (n=32) cases developed as severe symptoms and needed critical care support (ICU). A total of 68 patients did not require intensive care (ICU) and were thus classified as non-severe. Follow-up was completed on October, 2022, at which time all patients either were discharged from the hospital as “cured” or had a fatal outcome of the disease. Results: 56.0% of patients were ≥60 years, 65 patients (65%) were of the male gender. The most prevalent symptoms among patients were dyspnea (98%), cough (93%) followed by fever (74%). The most prevalent comorbidities hypertension (37%), diabetes mellitus (34%), and followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19%).32.0% of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted ICU, and 18.0% of patients were died. Conclusion: In this study, the most common risk factors associated with COVID-19 among the studied population were age ≥60 years, male gender (65%) and comorbidities (hypertension (37.0%), diabetes mellitus (34.0%) and COPD (19.0%)). Also, age and comorbidities were significantly higher in died patients when compared with cured patients.

Background: The emergence of colistin-resistant strains is considered a great threat for the children suffering from diarrhea. This study aimed to screen for the presence of mcr-1 in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates collected from children with diarrhea and to compare between genotypic and phenotypic methods for detection of colisitin resistant E.coli carrying mcr-1gene. Methods: Isolation of E.coli was done followed by antimicrobial susceptibility test. Kirby-Baur disc diffusion was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility, whereas broth microdilution (BMD) and the double disc synergy test (DDST) were used to determine colistin resistance. The screening for mcr-1 was used to investigate one probable mechanism of colistin resistance by PCR. Results: All mcr-1 E.coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, while resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol was 94.1% (32/34), 94.1% (32/34), 94.1% (32/34), 85.3% (29/34) and 70.6% (24/34) respectively. All mcr-1carrying E. coli strains were sensitive to tobramycin, amikacin and imipenem. Moderate resistance was noticed to piperacillin/ tazobactam(23/34) 67.6%, gentamycin 47.1% (16/34), and ciprofloxacin 44.1% (15/34). Thirty-one (91.2 %) mcr-1 positive E. coli strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). Forty five out of 95 (47.4%) of E.coli isolates were positive for mcr-1 by DDST and 34 /95 (35.78%) of E. coli isolates were positive for mcr-1 by PCR. Conclusions: This study reported a high prevalence of colistin resistant E. coli harboring mcr-1 gene in young children in Pediatric Hospital of Assiut University. Broth microdilution is more accurate than DDST in detection of colistin resistance.

A minimally invasive approach has become standard for mitral valve surgery. The periareolar approach has grown in popularity regarding the cosmesis for patients. We have adopted a new modification to the periareolar approach: the periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique. The objectives of the current study are to test the hypothesis that the PAMI approach is more feasible and safer than the inframammary approach in addition to identify risk factors and assess outcomes of both periareolar and inframammary approach.