This paper explores the heat transfer by mixed convection within double lid-driven enclosures filled with Cu–AlO hybrid nanofluids. The domain contains T-shaped baffles and is filled with local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) porous medium. The wavy boundaries are partially cooled, while the inner baffles have constant heat flux conditions. Mathematical formulations for the system irreversibility in cases of LTNE, constant heat flux conditions and double diffusive are presented and analyzed. The solution methodology is depending on the finite volume scheme in case of non-orthogonal grids. The major results revealed that the alteration of the undulation number from 1 to 5 gives an augmentation in values of up to 4.57%. Also, the increase in the lengths of the baffles causes a reduction in the flow, while is rising. Furthermore, the alteration in Ri from 0.5 to 10 gives an augmentation in up to
ملخص البحث
تاريخ البحث
قسم البحث
مجلة البحث
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
المشارك في البحث
موقع البحث
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-023-07621-2
سنة البحث
2023