In this study, binder-free CoS₂–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites (NCs) were deposited on Cu₂O nanosheets via one-step electrodeposition. rGO was obtained from carbon dioxide electroreduction during CoS₂ deposition. CoS₂–rGO@Cu₂O heterostructure electrodes were deposited for varying electrodeposition times, and their performance in nonenzymatic glucose sensing in 0.1 M NaOH was determined. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified the formation of rGO in all heterostructure electrodes. Various interfacial bonding states between Cu₂O nanosheets and CoS₂–rGO NCs were detected, indicating improved interfacial synergy between the heterostructure layers. Moreover, the phase transformation from CoS to CoS₂ occurred as the electrodeposition time was increased from 10 to 30 min. The CoS₂–rGO@Cu₂O heterostructure electrodes electrodeposited for 20 min were considered optimum for enzyme-free glucose sensing. The sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 635.94 μA·mM⁻¹·cm⁻² for glucose oxidation with a limit of detection of 17 μM in a wide linear detection range of 100–3000 μM. All the CoS₂–rGO@Cu₂O heterostructure electrodes exhibited enhanced selectivity to glucose oxidation in the presence of other interfering species and long-term stability for 3000 s.

Groundwater is the main source of water used in the West Assiut combined cycle power plant (WACCPP). In this paper, the water quality in this area (wells water samples) and raw water (wells water collecting tank sample) are investigated in terms of physicochemical properties, and its agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits. Statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis are used to analyze water chemistry data, classify water samples, and assure obtaining accurate results. The water quality and pollution indices, such as water quality index (WQI), water pollution index (WPI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HI), and human exposure risk index, are considered herein. The study results showed that water classification, in this area regarding salinity, is fresh to slightly brackish water. Results showed also that the raw water is …

In the sugar industry, eliminating side impurities throughout the manufacturing process is the most significant obstacle to clarifying sugar solutions. Herein, magnetic chitosan (MCS) nanocomposite was Fabricated to be used as a biodegradable, environmentally friendly clarifying agent throughout the cane juice and sugar refining processes. Fe₃O₄ was synthesized using the coprecipitation procedure, and then MCS was combined using a cross-linking agent. Furthermore, 14.76 emu g⁻¹ was the maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) value. Because MCS is magnetically saturated, it may be possible to employ an external magnetic field to separate the contaminant deposited on its surface. Additionally, zeta potential analysis showed outstanding findings for MCS with a maximum value of (+) 20.7 mV, with improvement in color removal % up to 44.8% using MCS with more than 24% in color removal % compared to …

Recently, optical simulation has attracted more attention in different thin film applications. Each layer’s thickness and refractive index are the most essential simulation parameters. This paper discusses and fits the refractive index of aluminum nitride at different geometrical and physical conditions over a wide wavelength range for optical simulations. This study simplifies the use of aluminum nitride in thin film-simulated applications and devices. Plotted curves and fitted equations with MATLAB scripts for aluminum nitride refractive indices at different conditions will be provided to minimize modeling errors.

These days environmental pollutants have become a serious threat to our existence. It has a fast and large entrance to various living and nonliving environmental elements and to the human food chain. One of the most universal environmental pollutants is microplastics. Microplastics are dangerous hazards resulting from the degradation of plastic polymers. It has very small size that helps it to alter the biology of cell proteins and gene expressions, retard brain development, cause unusual feeding behavior, slow cell growth, inflammations, slow cell metabolism, and decrease respiration rates. Although many environmental removal strategies were investigated, biological removal of microplastics is still the best safe, low cost, and ecofriendly strategy for microplastic removal applied under various extreme conditions. Several types of microorganisms like algae, bacteria, and fungi were utilized in the bioremediation process with specific conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the possible bioremediation strategies of microplastics by bacteria, algae, and fungi. Also, the factors affecting the bioremediation efficiency and the microbial mechanisms are included in the bioremediation process.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women globally. Significant progress has been made in developing structural nanoparticles (NPs) and formulations for targeted smart drug delivery (SDD) of pharmaceuticals, improving the precision of tumor cell targeting in therapy.

Significance

Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) treatment using magneto-liposomes (MLs) has emerged as a promising adjuvant cancer therapy.

Methods

CoFe₂O₄ magnetic NPs (MNPs) were conjugated with nanoliposomes to form MLs, and the anticancer drug quercetin (Que) was loaded into MLs, forming Que-MLs composites for antitumor approach. The aim was to prepare Que-MLs for DD systems (DDS) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), termed chemotherapy/hyperthermia (chemo-HT) techniques. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading capacity (DL), and drug release (DR) of Que and Que-MLs were …

Cadmium (Cd) is a dangerous heavy metal that is non-degradable in the environment. Many organs can accumulate Cd
and adversely affect organ function and health. Cd is considered as a teratogenic and embryotoxic agent. This study aims
to evaluate the teratogenicity of Cd at concentrations lesser than the permissible and its effects on the heart during chick
embryogenesis. Fertilized eggs of the chick Gallus domesticus were divided into; control, saline injected and four experimental
groups injected with single doses of 5, 25, 50 or 75 μM of CdCl2.
Histological observations of the heart before hatching
and the cardiomyocytes after hatching were recorded. Morphometric measurements of heart chambers were achieved at 3,
4 and 6 days of incubation. Electrocardiograph and respiratory rate were recorded at tenth day. Different cardiac problems
had been brought on by Cd. In comparison to controls, the heart looked much larger, and in certain cases, growth retardation
was seen. Degeneration in heart walls and malformations of dorsal aorta were noticed. Morphometrically, the width and wall
thickness of heart chambers showed significant changes. Heart beats and respiratory rate significantly decreased compared to
control. The cardiotoxic effect of Cd on heart compartments structure and function was dose dependent. One of Cd toxicity
is its ability to induce cellular oxidative stress. The heart in particular is sensitive to oxidative stress. Cardiac oxidative stress
might intensify heart failure and promote disease progression. Calcium is one of the components that is needed for normal
heart work. Cd might interfere with calcium metabolism by removing it from the body.

Introduction: Arsenic is a standout amongst the most lethal metals
derived from the natural environment. The major reason for human arsenic
toxicity is tainting of drinking water. Arsenic trioxide is inorganic arsenic
that is classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a known
human carcinogen. Aim: Illustration of morphological and histological
effects of arsenic trioxide on mice offspring. Methods: Adult female albino
mice were divided into five groups: Control, negative control treated with
Hcl (arsenic trioxide solvent), and three groups daily treated orally with
different doses of arsenic trioxide (0.3, 0.7 and 1 mg/kg). Offspring of 21
day old mice were morphologically examined, weighed and morphometric
measurements were carried out. Liver and kidney were histopathologically
examined. Results: Data showed a significant decrease in body weight and
crown rump length in the arsenic high dose treated group and a significant
decrease in head circumference, thigh and a significant increase in foot
length of all treated groups. Statistics revealed a significant increase in tail
measurements with the lowest dose, while the higher doses showed a
significant decrease. Severe degenerative histopathological changes in
different treatments were also observed. Discussion: Exposure of mice
embryos to arsenic trioxide before and during pregnancy-induced
morphological and histological abnormalities. It is suggested that the
inhibitory effects of arsenic trioxide on embryonic development and body
measurement might be attributed to elevating proapoptotic and decreasing
antiapoptotic gene activity. The increase of foot and tail measurements in
some cases might be explained as a result of increased proliferation rate and
mutation in developing systems.