These days environmental pollutants have become a serious threat to our existence. It has a fast and large entrance to various living and nonliving environmental elements and to the human food chain. One of the most universal environmental pollutants is microplastics. Microplastics are dangerous hazards resulting from the degradation of plastic polymers. It has very small size that helps it to alter the biology of cell proteins and gene expressions, retard brain development, cause unusual feeding behavior, slow cell growth, inflammations, slow cell metabolism, and decrease respiration rates. Although many environmental removal strategies were investigated, biological removal of microplastics is still the best safe, low cost, and ecofriendly strategy for microplastic removal applied under various extreme conditions. Several types of microorganisms like algae, bacteria, and fungi were utilized in the bioremediation process with specific conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the possible bioremediation strategies of microplastics by bacteria, algae, and fungi. Also, the factors affecting the bioremediation efficiency and the microbial mechanisms are included in the bioremediation process.