In this contribution, the design of multiband transmission functions is considered. Independent and arbitrary number of bands can be designed. Moreover, the whole transmission function is synthesized by one wave digital lattice structure. The approximation process starts by extracting the scattering matrix properties of multiband reference lattice structures. Consequently, the approximation problem reduces to generating a polynomial Q of degree n, which is the degree of the filter. The degree n is depending on the number of the designed bands. Hence, if the number of bands is even, n will be odd, and if the number of bands is odd, n will be even. The polynomial Q will approximate the difference phase function of the two branch polynomials. It is composed of two subpolynomials, one of them is Hurwitz and the other is anti-Hurwitz. The degrees of these subpolynomials differ by odd number if the number of bands is even and differ by even number if the number of bands is odd. Q is generated according to iterative interpolation and using explicit recursive formulas. After obtaining Q, the two subpolynomials are calculated and the two branch all-pass functions are constructed. Consequently, the filter is synthesized in the digital frequency domain. The method is applied through an illustrative example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A common problem in the context of linear parameter- varying (LPV) systems is how input-output (IO) models can be efficiently realized in terms of state-space (SS) representations. The problem originates from the fact that in the LPV literature discrete-time identification and modeling of LPV systems is often accomplished via IO model structures. However, to utilize these LPV-IO models for control synthesis, commonly it is required to transform them into an equivalent SS form. In general, such a transformation is complicated due to the phenomenon of dynamic dependence (dependence of the resulting representation on time-shifted versions of the scheduling signal). This conversion problem is revisited and practically applicable approaches are suggested which result in discrete-time SS representations that have only static dependence (dependence on the instantaneous value of the scheduling signal). To circumvent complexity, a criterion is also established to decide when an linear-time invariant (LTI)-type of realization approach can be used without introducing significant approximation error. To reduce the order of the resulting SS realization, an LPV Ho-Kalman-type of model reduction approach is introduced, which, besides its simplicity, is capable of reducing even non-stable plants. The proposed approaches are illustrated by application oriented examples.

In thispaper,apracticalprocedureforlinearparameter-varying(LPV)modelingandidentificationof a roboticmanipulatorispresented,whichleadstoasuccessfulexperimentalimplementationofan LPV gain-scheduledcontroller.Anonlineardynamicmodelofatwo-degrees-of-freedommanipulator containingallimportanttermsisobtainedandunknownparameterswhicharerequiredtoconstructan LPV modelareidentified.Animportanttoolforobtainingamodelofcomplexitylowenoughtobe suitableforcontrollersynthesisistheprinciple-component-analysis-basedtechniqueofparameterset mapping.Sincetheresultingquasi-LPVmodelhasalargenumberofaffineschedulingparametersanda large overbounding,parametersetmappingisusedtoreduceconservatismandcomplexityin controllerdesignbyfindingtighterparameterregionswithfewerschedulingparameters.Asufficient a posteriori condition isderivedtoassessthestabilityoftheresultingclosed-loopsystem.Toevaluate the applicabilityandefficiencyoftheapproximatedmodel,apolytopicLPVgain-scheduledcontrolleris synthesizedandimplementedexperimentallyonanindustrialrobotforatrajectorytrackingtask.The experimentalresultsillustratethatthedesignedLPVcontrolleroutperformsanindependentjointPD controllerintermsoftrackingperformanceandachievesaslightlybetteraccuracythanamodel-based inverse dynamicscontroller,whilehavingasimplerstructure.Moreover,itisshownthattheLPV controllerismorerobustagainstdynamicparameteruncertainty.

The purpose of this research is to investigate traffic accidents causes and major factors that would be the main reasons for accidents, and to develop a model for accidents on Main National Egyptian Rural Roads. Accidents models would help decision makers to develop the road network to be more safe and minimize the accidents rate. Models were calibrated using accidents records data collected from 19 rural roads from previous studies, and 7 rural roads from filed surveys in Assiut region, "General Authority for Roads & Bridges". The data was splittied in two different types of road sections in location and engineering properties, namely; "Agriculture roads undivided sections", "Desert roads undivided sections”. Simple, Stepwise, and multiple regression analysis have been used to find the effect of each parameter on the accident rate value. Several functional forms are explored and tested in the calibration process. Before proceeding to the development of models, ANOVA statistical tests are conducted to establish whether there are any significant differences in the data used for models’ calibration as a result of differences among the considered roads. The results indicated that exponential model formula represents the highest correlation for all road types .Average daily traffic (ADT), Shoulder width, pedestrian crossing and percentage of trucks have highest effects of traffic accidents on agriculture roads undivided sections, Shoulder width, Radius of horizontal curves and percentage of trucks have the highest effects of traffic accidents on desert roads undivided sections.

The purpose of this research is to investigate traffic accidents causes and major factors that would be the main reasons for accidents, and to develop a model for accidents on Main National Egyptian Rural Roads. Accidents models would help decision makers to develop the road network to be more safe and minimize the accidents rate. Models were calibrated using accidents records data collected from 19 rural roads from previous studies, and 7 rural roads from filed surveys in Assiut region, "General Authority for Roads & Bridges". The data was splittied in two different types of road sections in location and engineering properties, namely; "Agriculture roads undivided sections", "Desert roads undivided sections”. Simple, Stepwise, and multiple regression analysis have been used to find the effect of each parameter on the accident rate value. Several functional forms are explored and tested in the calibration process. Before proceeding to the development of models, ANOVA statistical tests are conducted to establish whether there are any significant differences in the data used for models’ calibration as a result of differences among the considered roads. The results indicated that exponential model formula represents the highest correlation for all road types .Average daily traffic (ADT), Shoulder width, pedestrian crossing and percentage of trucks have highest effects of traffic accidents on agriculture roads undivided sections, Shoulder width, Radius of horizontal curves and percentage of trucks have the highest effects of traffic accidents on desert roads undivided sections.

The purpose of this research is to investigate traffic accidents causes and major factors that would be the main reasons for accidents, and to develop a model for accidents on Main National Egyptian Rural Roads. Accidents models would help decision makers to develop the road network to be more safe and minimize the accidents rate. Models were calibrated using accidents records data collected from 19 rural roads from previous studies, and 7 rural roads from filed surveys in Assiut region, "General Authority for Roads & Bridges". The data was splittied in two different types of road sections in location and engineering properties, namely; "Agriculture roads undivided sections", "Desert roads undivided sections”. Simple, Stepwise, and multiple regression analysis have been used to find the effect of each parameter on the accident rate value. Several functional forms are explored and tested in the calibration process. Before proceeding to the development of models, ANOVA statistical tests are conducted to establish whether there are any significant differences in the data used for models’ calibration as a result of differences among the considered roads. The results indicated that exponential model formula represents the highest correlation for all road types .Average daily traffic (ADT), Shoulder width, pedestrian crossing and percentage of trucks have highest effects of traffic accidents on agriculture roads undivided sections, Shoulder width, Radius of horizontal curves and percentage of trucks have the highest effects of traffic accidents on desert roads undivided sections.

Several efforts connected with traffic‐noise problems in Greater Cairo have been conducted since the 1970s. They concerned both the traffic‐noise measurements and countermeasures taken. During 30 years, the level of traffic noise has been changing, it increased seriously in the last 10 years in spite of countermeasures taken, due to a significant increase in the number of cars. Measurements taken for traffic‐noise levels indicated that noise levels in the city are too high. So that makes the city in the front of Capitals from aspect of noise level and continuous periods. In our paper, we have presented measurements and countermeasures taken as follows: (1) We present 30 years of traffic‐noise problems in Greater Cairo and the measurements taken. (2) We present the policies for traffic‐noise problems and countermeasures taken; this contains the efforts of the Egyptian Ministry of Environment, City Hall, traffic administration of the city, recommendations of the Symposium of Noise and Traffic Problems in Greater Cairo 1988, and recommendations of the Report of the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, and the Egyptian National Research Center 1994. This is to evaluate this experiment, and address planning for the future to make Greater Cairo a quiet city. (3) Conclusions and remarks will be discussed.