Buildings are responsible for 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions; 11% come from materials and construction, and 28% come from operational emissions (the energy required to heat, cool, and power). Embodied carbon will contribute an increasing amount to the emissions from new buildings in the future as carbon emissions from building operations continue to decline. This study examined several construction methods and materials to evaluate alternatives for remodeling a residential villa. A villa in the Al-Qassim Region, Buraidah, served as a case study for this research. The methodology employed provided a meticulous appraisal of the building materials and techniques currently in use. The structural integrity and cost comparison between the recommended scenarios and the existing situation were examined in this study. Based on this assessment, alternative building materials and techniques are found, and their potential use in retrofitting the villa is investigated. Six options have been investigated: (1) Insulating Precast System, (2) Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, (3) Tunnel Form, (4) Light Gauge Steel, (5) Cladding Materials, and (6) Nanotechnology materials. The construction project can achieve cost savings, enhanced thermal comfort, and long-term environmental sustainability by implementing these suggested technologies. In conclusion, even though new construction technology systems could be more expensive initially, they can save money over time by increasing building lifespan, lowering maintenance requirements, and improving energy efficiency. In the Saudi Arabian market, selecting between innovative construction technology systems and conventional construction methods is also influenced by several other factors, including client preferences, local restrictions, sustainability goals, and project requirements.

The paint industry significantly contributes to soil, water, and air pollution. Since it contains a variety of substances, such as heavy metals, solvents, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the environment and human health may be negatively impacted by these pollutants. Paint can include dangerous compounds that can lead to cancer, skin irritation, respiratory issues, and environmental damage.To compare different wall painting types utilized in the Ibny Baitak Project, a new city development in Egypt, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The environmental impact of 12 different painting types is determined by the raw materials utilized, production, and transportation. The cut-off of the paint application and end-of-life disposal steps are applied. This article compared several wall paint types, including water-based, solvent-based, and low-VOC paints. By the single score results, the alkyd paint type recorded the highest impact by (1.57 pt), the ceramic-based paint came in the second rank by (1.19 pt), then the acrylic paint by (0.27 pt), finally the Gypsum Plasterboard by (0.25 pt). However, by the weighting result, the Alkyd paint type has recorded the highest of the three environmental impacts by 4.75 [kg co]_2 eq, 65.61 Mj primary, and 3.30E-06 DALY, respectively. In contrast, the Gypsum Plasterboard recorded the lowest numbers by 0.45 [kg co]_2 eq, 5.19 Mj primary, and 1.13E-06 DALY, respectively. The article's findings show that solvent-based paints have the most significant environmental impact, whereas water-based and low-VOC paints (such as acrylic paint) have the lowest.

Approximately 40% of greenhouse gas emissions globally are attributed to the construction industry, with building materials alone accounting for 11%. This study evaluated several building materials and techniques to investigate alternative possibilities for retrofitting a residential villa. The research methodology thoroughly evaluated the building materials and techniques employed in a Saudi villa as a case study located in Buraidah within the Al-Qassim Region. This examination included the structural integrity and cost comparison between the current and suggested scenarios. Alternative building materials and methods are discovered, and their possible application in retrofitting the villa is examined based on this evaluation. The following six possibilities have been examined: (1) Insulating Precast System, (2) Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, (3) Tunnel Form, (4) Light Gauge Steel, (5) Cladding Materials, and (6) Nanotechnology materials. As the main results, there are fluctuations between the price differences, from 21% to 75% deductions, depending on the price of the suggested building materials. Also, owners. Furthermore, the material industry plays an important role as the primary and leading provider of the construction industry in KSA. Ultimately, the results provide useful information to those interested in supporting alternative retrofitting techniques in the residential sector, including legislators, the building industry, architects, engineers, and homeowners

This study aims to analyze the environmental impact of different glasstypes of a clinic in Assiut University Hospital. The life cycle assessment(LCA) approach evaluates energy usage and its related environmentaleffects. This study will assess the environmental impacts of four typesof window glass manufacturing, which are (1) flat glass, (2) fiber glass,(3) solar glass, and (4) waste glass. The Building Information Modeling(BIM) approach has been used to collect the building constructionquantities, facilitating this task. The LCA has been used to calculateenergy consumption and environmental emissions. As the main findingof this study, the fiber glass has the worst-case scenario with (1.02 Pt),in contrast with the waste glass (recycled glass) with (0.58 Pt), by themid-point method result. Also, the global warming potential and nonrenewableenergy impacts have recorded the highest impact valuesfor the fiber glass with 2939.49 KgCO2 eq.and 46914.97 MJprimary,respectively. Finally, the human health (end-point) method has the mostsignificant share of the adverse environmental impacts for the four glasstypes studied. The study has proposed that the life cycle cost and thedurability and endurance tests must be examined to ensure that wasteglass (recycled) is the best option from all points of view

This study investigated six wall composition material substitutes employed in constructing Egypt's Ibny Baitak Project for their potential environmental impact. Clay brick (20 cm), cement brick (20 cm), and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) (20 cm) blocks were the four materials evaluated. Each wall material is reinforced with (4 cm extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation in the fourth, fifth, and sixth scenarios. The study used a life cycle assessment (LCA) technique to assess the environmental impact of these products from cradle to gate, including raw material extraction, processing, and transportation,The outcomes showed that the environmental effects of the four materials varied greatly regarding the three impact categories of potential global warming, non-renewable energy use, and respiratory pollution. Regarding the midpoint result, the AAC ranked second by 1.49 pt, followed by the cement bricks by 2.25 pt, with the clay brick recording the lowest environmental effect. The environmental impacts in the three final scenarios increased by 1.24 pt, 1.86 pt, and 2.55 pt, and an incremental rate of 13% when the XPS was added to the three wall types. The 20 cm cement brick recorded the highest value, 8.40K [KG Co]_2e, and the 4 cm XPS + 20 cm cement brick composition recorded the lowest value, 1.97K [KG Co]_2e. When considering the endpoint results, the cement brick recorded the highest values by 8.40K [KG Co]_2e, which show climate change has the most significant impacts. Regarding the resource's depletion impact, cement bricks recorded the highest values with 138.42K Mj primay.

Insulation materials are essential for minimizing energy use, enhancing thermal comfort, and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in buildings. However, the insulation materials sector may have a considerable environmental impact. This study adopts a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to compare the environmental impact of four widely used insulation materials; extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, rock wool, and glass wool. Without considering the use and end-of-life disposal stages, the LCA approach assesses the environmental impact of insulation materials from the cradle to the gate, including raw material extraction, production, and transportation. The study analyzes the Ibny Baitak project in New Assiut City as a case study to apply the LCA of insulation materials scenario and calculate their environmental impact.Extruded polystyrene, rock wool, and glass wool have the lowest environmental impact, according to the study's findings, while expanded polystyrene is the most harmful. Concerning the midpoint result, the XPS has recorded 4.35[kgco]_2 e and the EPS has pointed to 3.96[kgco]_2 e. As for the endpoint result, the XPS insulation material has recorded the highest adverse impact compared to other materials by 1.61 mt. The EPS came in the second rank by 1.24 mt, then the rock wool by 0.55 mt, and finally, the glass wool by 0.33 mt.The results imply that a building's environmental effect over its lifetime can be considerably impacted by the material used for insulation. The study's findings can help architects, engineers, and construction professionals choose the best insulation for energy-efficient buildings.

The building material industry has the largest share in global environmental emissions. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of polymeric concrete has been conducted and compared to conventional concrete to evaluate its environmental impact and identify areas for improvement for the construction of a new clinic at Assiut University Hospital in Egypt. The LCA was conducted (using SimaPro V9.5) from cradle to gate, including raw material extraction, transportation, and production.The LCA results showed that polymeric concrete had a lower environmental impact than conventional concrete regarding global warming, acidification, and eutrophication potential. In terms of the single score outcomes, climate change had a significant impact on both ordinary and polymer concrete, with the former scoring 0.90 mPt and the latter recording a much lower 0.14 mPt, indicating a 75% reduction. Furthermore, when considering the weighting results (midpoint result), it was found that specific environmental impacts, such as global warming, respiratory inorganic, and non-renewable energy impacts, had a more significant effect overall. Specifically, the global warming potential was found to be 8.95 Kg CO_2 eq. and 1.38 Kg CO_2 eq. for polymer and ordinary concrete, respectively. Lastly, the endpoint result showed that human health was impacted the most, with a total reduction of 84.24%. The DALY recorded for ordinary concrete was 3.69E-06, whereas, for polymer concrete, it was 5.8E-07.The findings of this study suggest that polymeric concrete can be a more sustainable alternative to conventional concrete for specific applications.

This study presents a novel method for selecting irrigation canals for rehabilitation based on implementation priorities. The method integrates factors such as canal condition, water demand, environmental considerations, and socioeconomic aspects to identify canals that require immediate attention. The study outlines a step-by-step process and discusses its potential benefits in guiding decision-making for effective canal rehabilitation programs. The methodology explores beneficiaries’ satisfaction with their canal performance and applies the “project execution priority index” concept to the network of understudy irrigation canals. Results show that only one of the 11 canals with the highest priority was rehabilitated, while five were executed despite being included in the second priority. Three canals were implemented, and these canals deserve the third priority, indicating the success of the “Project Execution Priority Index” concept in prioritizing field implementation processes. This approach can guide decision-making for effective canal rehabilitation programs and improve the current situation.