In such circumstances, sharp climatic changes are accelerating, leaving negative effects on all human capabilities, especially water resources, which face unprecedented scarcity, fulfilling the basic requirements to preserve life, and confronting the rapid population increase in food, clothing, and development, all of which mainly depend on water. Since the fresh water available on the globe does not exceed 2.7% of the total surface water on the globe, which amounts to 97% of its gigantic surface area, to this extent, the availability of freshwater appears to be scarce, which gives it an importance that nothing else can reach. Another component of human life, and on this basis, preserving it becomes preserving life itself. Here appears the biggest challenge facing humanity, as the risks of scarcity and diminishing the small amount available from it increase, either through pollution or irrational use, in addition to what is currently expected from the effects of climate change, which will definitely negatively affect that precious and pure wealth in quantity and quality.

Upper Egypt, the most arid and hottest region in the country, takes its needed quantity of water only from the river Nile as a unique source, unlike the northern region of the country overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. The northern region may receive some small quantities of rainwater or water from the aquifers in the north and central Nile Delta.

In this study, we try to present an attempt to anticipate the expected negative effects of climate change on the Upper Egypt region and to develop the necessary scenarios to deal with the challenges that are expected to be faced