Background and objectives: Sepsis carries a poor prognosis for critically ill patients, even
withintensive management. We aimed to determined early predictors of sepsis-related in-hospital
mortality and to monitor levels of presepsin and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) during
admission relative to the applied treatment and the development of complications. Materials and
Methods: An observational study was conducted on 68 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis.
Blood samples from each patient were collected at admission (day 0) for measuring presepsin, hsCRP,
biochemical examination, complete blood picture and microbiological culture and at the third day
(day 3) for measuring presepsin and hsCRP. Predictors of sepsis-related in-hospital mortality were
assessed using regression analysis. Predictive abilities of presepsin and hsCRP were compared using
the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to
estimate the overall survival rate. Results: Results showed that the sepsis-related in-hospital mortality
was 64.6%. The day 0 presepsin and SOFA scores were associated with this mortality. Presepsin
levels were significantly higher at days 0 and 3 in non-survivors vs. survivors (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001
respectively) and it decreased over the three days in survivors. Presepsin had a higher prognostic
accuracy than hsCRP at all the evaluated times. Conclusions: Overall, in comparison with hsCRP,
presepsin was an early predictor of sepsis-related in-hospital mortality in ICU patients. Changes
in presepsin concentrations over time may be useful for sepsis monitoring, which in turn could be
useful for stratifying high-risk patients on ICU admission that benefit from intensive treatment.