Keeping patients safe while in the dialysis environment is a topic of great concern for patients and nurses. The most significant barrier to improve patient safety is a lack of awareness of the extent to which errors occur daily in all health care settings. There are many possible causes for patient injury within the dialysis environment. The process of providing dialysis treatments includes the use of medications, chemicals , machinery , and physical activity on the part of the patient. When time constraints and staffing difficulties are added to the equation , it is understandable how and why injuries occur. Aim of the study: measuring nurses' compliance with safety measures of patients with hemodialysis. Methodology: three different tools were used to collect study data. These were questionnaire sheet, an observation checklist and an attitude scale. The study sample included all nurses working in hemodialysis units (23 nurse in Minia University and 25 nurse in general hospitals) in the period from the 1st of January to the 30th of May 2009. The result indicated that , there is a correlation matrix among nurses' scores of performance, knowledge and their years of experiences. It points out statistically significant positive correlation between years of experiences and knowledge in nurses' working in University hospital. Conclusion: the results obtained from the study revealed that the nurses not comply with patients' safety measures at hemodialysis unit and part of this non compliance was affected by lack of some resources and commitment with universal precautions in both hospitals included in the study. Periodical or annual training program for al nurses about compliance with safety measures as regard performance of all procedure in hemodialysis unit is recommended.