Abstract Patients with end stage renal diseases should be educated to enhance and maintain the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the better condition. Aim to assess self-care behaviors for arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients at Assiut university hospital. Subjects and Method: A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized in this study. The study was conducted in hemodialysis unit at Assiut University Hospital. Sample: 100 adult patients with the following criteria age ranged from 18 -60 years, carry HD for more than 6 months with AVF, and able to communicate. Two tools utilized for data collection: Tool (1) patient's interview questionnaire sheet, Tool (2) Assessment of self-care behaviors scale for arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients (ASBHD-AVF). Results: findings revealed that, (78%) of patients had inadequate self-care behaviors and (22%) of them had adequate self-care behaviors. Conclusions: There was highly significant difference between self-care behaviors of studied sample and number of arteriovenous fistula, duration of AVF. Recommendation: application of self-care-behaviors nursing brochure for patients with arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.