Abstract Background: Diabetes among elderly population is difficult because of complex co-morbid conditions and the generally lower functional status of elderly patients. In recent years, there is a rising concern that many patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Aim of the study: Determine the percentage of CAM use and its related factors in elderly diabetic patients attending diabetes clinics in Assiut city. Subjects and Methods: cross-sectional study was done. The data for this study were collected with 400 elderly diabetic patients attending diabetes outpatient clinics of Assiut University and Health Insurance Hospitals. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from the first day of September 2013 to the first week of October 2013. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: About one third (33.8%) of the respondents used CAM in addition to conventional medicine. Most common type used was herbal medicine. The CAM use was more frequent among male patients, aged 65- 70 years, university educated and urban residents. Conclusion and Recommendations: About one third of the studied elderly diabetic patients used CAM and conventional medicine in managing their illness. So, evidence-based CAM information should be provided to patients as part of diabetes routine management and counseling.

Abstract: Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious occupational threat to health care workers including nursing and dental students; it causes substantial illness and it is unavoidable part of daily patient care. This study aims to assess the occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF) among undergraduate nursing and dental students at internship year in Assiut city. A cross sectional research design was used on 140 nursing students and 150 dental students using a convenient sample technique. The study was conducted at Assiut University Hospitals and Al Azhar University Hospital in Assiut city. A questionnaire sheet for collection of data contains the following main parts: socio-demographic data, history and frequency of occupational exposure to (BBF), information about the occupational exposure to BBF and infection control measures. The main findings of this study were: the mean age was 21.8 years for nursing and 22.9 for dental students. 88.6%, 51.3% respectively of nursing and dental students were exposed to needle stick injuries (NSI) and BBF. All dental and nursing students did not report the exposure incidents and the main causes of not reporting: they don not think anything could be done by (72.1%, 55.3% respectively) among nursing and dental students. A high percentage of the dental and nursing students reported use of gloves during the exposure. 93.3% among dental and 65.7% of nursing students were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. About one third (30.0%, 32.0% respectively) of nursing and dental student had good score of knowledge about and only (2.9%, 15.3% respectively) had poor score of knowledge about occupational diseases and infection control measures. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the majority of studied students were exposed to NSI and BBF. The majority of studied students did not report the exposure to BBF. The majority of them were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. One third of nursing and dental student had good score of knowledge. This study recommend that mandatory continuing education and supervision involves all undergraduate dental and nursing students at internship year must contain a specific component on the occupational exposure to BBF. Hepatitis B vaccine must be given obligatory to all studied sample

Abstract: Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious occupational threat to health care workers including nursing and dental students; it causes substantial illness and it is unavoidable part of daily patient care. This study aims to assess the occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF) among undergraduate nursing and dental students at internship year in Assiut city. A cross sectional research design was used on 140 nursing students and 150 dental students using a convenient sample technique. The study was conducted at Assiut University Hospitals and Al Azhar University Hospital in Assiut city. A questionnaire sheet for collection of data contains the following main parts: socio-demographic data, history and frequency of occupational exposure to (BBF), information about the occupational exposure to BBF and infection control measures. The main findings of this study were: the mean age was 21.8 years for nursing and 22.9 for dental students. 88.6%, 51.3% respectively of nursing and dental students were exposed to needle stick injuries (NSI) and BBF. All dental and nursing students did not report the exposure incidents and the main causes of not reporting: they don not think anything could be done by (72.1%, 55.3% respectively) among nursing and dental students. A high percentage of the dental and nursing students reported use of gloves during the exposure. 93.3% among dental and 65.7% of nursing students were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. About one third (30.0%, 32.0% respectively) of nursing and dental student had good score of knowledge about and only (2.9%, 15.3% respectively) had poor score of knowledge about occupational diseases and infection control measures. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the majority of studied students were exposed to NSI and BBF. The majority of studied students did not report the exposure to BBF. The majority of them were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. One third of nursing and dental student had good score of knowledge. This study recommend that mandatory continuing education and supervision involves all undergraduate dental and nursing students at internship year must contain a specific component on the occupational exposure to BBF. Hepatitis B vaccine must be given obligatory to all studied sample

Abstract: Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious occupational threat to health care workers including nursing and dental students; it causes substantial illness and it is unavoidable part of daily patient care. This study aims to assess the occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF) among undergraduate nursing and dental students at internship year in Assiut city. A cross sectional research design was used on 140 nursing students and 150 dental students using a convenient sample technique. The study was conducted at Assiut University Hospitals and Al Azhar University Hospital in Assiut city. A questionnaire sheet for collection of data contains the following main parts: socio-demographic data, history and frequency of occupational exposure to (BBF), information about the occupational exposure to BBF and infection control measures. The main findings of this study were: the mean age was 21.8 years for nursing and 22.9 for dental students. 88.6%, 51.3% respectively of nursing and dental students were exposed to needle stick injuries (NSI) and BBF. All dental and nursing students did not report the exposure incidents and the main causes of not reporting: they don not think anything could be done by (72.1%, 55.3% respectively) among nursing and dental students. A high percentage of the dental and nursing students reported use of gloves during the exposure. 93.3% among dental and 65.7% of nursing students were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. About one third (30.0%, 32.0% respectively) of nursing and dental student had good score of knowledge about and only (2.9%, 15.3% respectively) had poor score of knowledge about occupational diseases and infection control measures. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the majority of studied students were exposed to NSI and BBF. The majority of studied students did not report the exposure to BBF. The majority of them were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. One third of nursing and dental student had good score of knowledge. This study recommend that mandatory continuing education and supervision involves all undergraduate dental and nursing students at internship year must contain a specific component on the occupational exposure to BBF. Hepatitis B vaccine must be given obligatory to all studied sample

Abstract: Learning environment is an important stone for the success of learning processes. This study aimed to assess the student perception of educational environment in the Faculties of Nursing at Assiut, Sohag and South Vally Universities. Using a descriptive research design and convenient sample technique. The total number of the studied sample was 328. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted to collect the needed data. The questionnaire contains the following two main parts: socio-demographic and data related to educational environment which include physical environment and non-physical environment. The mean age was 21.1 year, and the vast majority of students were females. 66.8%, 19.8% and 13.4% respectively were from Assiut, Sohag and Qena City. There is a statistically significant relation between the three faculties about classroom size, suitability between number of students and the size of classroom, the availability of modern technology in teaching and noise level. According to the total score of perception about educational environment it was found that more than two thirds of nursing students at Assiut, Sohag, and Qena had poor level of perception, nearly one third had satisfactory level and only (1.5%) of the students perceive their educational environment is good. The present study concluded that all groups of the studied nursing students perceived the learning environment negatively. The study also indicated a widespread and large defects in the educational environment in these faculties as perceived by students, so; we recommends that encourage administrative staff of the studied faculties to analyze the source of poor perception, then develop, implement and evaluate suitable plane for improve and correct weak areas.

Abstract: Learning environment is an important stone for the success of learning processes. This study aimed to assess the student perception of educational environment in the Faculties of Nursing at Assiut, Sohag and South Vally Universities. Using a descriptive research design and convenient sample technique. The total number of the studied sample was 328. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted to collect the needed data. The questionnaire contains the following two main parts: socio-demographic and data related to educational environment which include physical environment and non-physical environment. The mean age was 21.1 year, and the vast majority of students were females. 66.8%, 19.8% and 13.4% respectively were from Assiut, Sohag and Qena City. There is a statistically significant relation between the three faculties about classroom size, suitability between number of students and the size of classroom, the availability of modern technology in teaching and noise level. According to the total score of perception about educational environment it was found that more than two thirds of nursing students at Assiut, Sohag, and Qena had poor level of perception, nearly one third had satisfactory level and only (1.5%) of the students perceive their educational environment is good. The present study concluded that all groups of the studied nursing students perceived the learning environment negatively. The study also indicated a widespread and large defects in the educational environment in these faculties as perceived by students, so; we recommends that encourage administrative staff of the studied faculties to analyze the source of poor perception, then develop, implement and evaluate suitable plane for improve and correct weak areas.

Abstract: Learning environment is an important stone for the success of learning processes. This study aimed to assess the student perception of educational environment in the Faculties of Nursing at Assiut, Sohag and South Vally Universities. Using a descriptive research design and convenient sample technique. The total number of the studied sample was 328. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted to collect the needed data. The questionnaire contains the following two main parts: socio-demographic and data related to educational environment which include physical environment and non-physical environment. The mean age was 21.1 year, and the vast majority of students were females. 66.8%, 19.8% and 13.4% respectively were from Assiut, Sohag and Qena City. There is a statistically significant relation between the three faculties about classroom size, suitability between number of students and the size of classroom, the availability of modern technology in teaching and noise level. According to the total score of perception about educational environment it was found that more than two thirds of nursing students at Assiut, Sohag, and Qena had poor level of perception, nearly one third had satisfactory level and only (1.5%) of the students perceive their educational environment is good. The present study concluded that all groups of the studied nursing students perceived the learning environment negatively. The study also indicated a widespread and large defects in the educational environment in these faculties as perceived by students, so; we recommends that encourage administrative staff of the studied faculties to analyze the source of poor perception, then develop, implement and evaluate suitable plane for improve and correct weak areas.

Nursing care standards of colostomy are significant action to ensure quality of care. The examination of nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding the nursing care standards of colostomy has not been conducted before at Assiut University Hospital. This descriptive study aimed at establishing the level of nurses’ knowledge and practice and to examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and practice for developing the nursing care standards of colostomy. The subjects were nurses working in the surgical wards of hospital. The Nurses’ Knowledge Questionnaire and Practice checklist were administered. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson product-moment correlation. The findings revealed that all of nurses (100%) had knowledge about the standards regarding colostomy at an unsatisfactory level (M ± SD = 29.8654 ± 8.34085) with the maximum mean scores (M = 0.8269)and minimum mean scores (M =2.2308). All of nurses (100%) scored the actual nurses' practice of the standards at an unsatisfactory level (M ± SD = 111.51 ± 25.706) with the maximum mean scores (M = 19.42) and minimum mean scores (M = 2.4615). It was found that there was a positive weak relationship between knowledge and practice regarding nursing care standards of colostomy(r = 0.15, p = .3).It was concluded that nurses' knowledge and practice in the nursing care standard of colostomy were unsatisfactory. It was needed to be improved through implementation of proposed nursing care standards of colostomy.

Nursing care standards of colostomy are significant action to ensure quality of care. The examination of nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding the nursing care standards of colostomy has not been conducted before at Assiut University Hospital. This descriptive study aimed at establishing the level of nurses’ knowledge and practice and to examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and practice for developing the nursing care standards of colostomy. The subjects were nurses working in the surgical wards of hospital. The Nurses’ Knowledge Questionnaire and Practice checklist were administered. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson product-moment correlation. The findings revealed that all of nurses (100%) had knowledge about the standards regarding colostomy at an unsatisfactory level (M ± SD = 29.8654 ± 8.34085) with the maximum mean scores (M = 0.8269)and minimum mean scores (M =2.2308). All of nurses (100%) scored the actual nurses' practice of the standards at an unsatisfactory level (M ± SD = 111.51 ± 25.706) with the maximum mean scores (M = 19.42) and minimum mean scores (M = 2.4615). It was found that there was a positive weak relationship between knowledge and practice regarding nursing care standards of colostomy(r = 0.15, p = .3).It was concluded that nurses' knowledge and practice in the nursing care standard of colostomy were unsatisfactory. It was needed to be improved through implementation of proposed nursing care standards of colostomy.